人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 804-815.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0077cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0077

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东西樵山细石叶石核的开发策略

杨石霞1,2,3(), 浣发祥1,4, 王宏5, 吴振宇6, 卢筱洪6, 李京亚1,7   

  1. 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044
    2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044
    3.中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 西安 710061
    4.中央民族大学,北京100081
    5.中山大学,广州510275
    6.南海区博物馆,佛山528211
    7.中国科学院大学,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-07-22 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-13
  • 作者简介:杨石霞,副研究员,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。Email: yangshixia@ivpp.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);自然科学基金项目(41888101);自然科学基金项目(42177424);中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目(IGGCAS-201905);中国科学院青年促进会(2020074);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室主任基金课题(SKLLQGZR2002)

Reduction strategy of the microblade cores from the Xiqiaoshan site in Guangdong

YANG Shixia1,2,3(), HUAN Faxiang1,4, WANG Hong5, WU Zhenyu6, LU Xiaohong6, LI Jingya1,7   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    2. Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an 710061
    4. Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081
    5. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
    6. Nanhai Museum, Foshan 528211
    7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-07-22 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-13

摘要:

长期以来,细石叶技术的发展和传播是更新世末期到全新世初期文化传播、人群迁徙和生态适应研究领域探讨的重要课题。20世纪50年代,发现于广东西樵山石器制造场的大批细石叶技术产品,突破了传统意义上对细石叶技术流行、传播范围的认识。早期研究中不少学者就西樵山细石叶制品的形态特征、分布情况进行了介绍,随后鲜见后续研究,缺乏对技术内涵、石核开发策略的深入解析,亦未开展对其所指示的文化传播与人口迁徙问题的探讨。本文选取收藏于中山大学人类学博物馆的343件细石叶石核,通过对石料、毛坯类型、台面类型和数量、剥片面等多方位观察以及对相关技术数值的测量统计,建构西樵山细石叶石核开发策略的模式。这项工作总结了西樵山细石叶技术的特点,并与其他区域的细石叶技术进行对比,加深了对出现在亚热带地区的细石叶技术的认识,为尝试进一步讨论其可能的技术源流和指示人口迁徙与文化传播提供了基础。

关键词: 西樵山, 细石叶石核, 开发策略, 技术源流, 文化传播

Abstract:

Development and spread of the microblade technology are topics of interest and debate intense research relating to the cultural diffusion and ecological adaptation from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene. In the 1950s, a large amount of microblade products at the Xiqiaoshan lithic manufacturing site located in the Pearl River Delta region was discovered, and reshaped our understanding of the geographical extent of microblade technology. When these microblades were first recovered, this tropical microblade industry was initially described by several scholars. The early publications mainly focused on morphological characteristics of the microblade products, and subsequently very little further research has been carried out. Now we need an in-depth analysis to interpret the reduction strategies of these microblade cores to inform our discussions of cultural diffusion and population migrations. Xiaoqiaoshan, about 40 km southwest of Guangzhou, is an old volcano mountain on the deltaic plain of Pearl River Delta. As Xiaoqiaoshan is rich in raw materials, including different kind of igneous rocks and chert, it is a manufacturing center for the early Holocene habitants in the region. Earlier reports released the results of radiocarbon dating on the shells around 7000-5900 BP. The Guye residential base site is just 10 km to the west of Xiqiaoshan, and provide some new informations. Different from the Xiqiaoshan site, the Guye site is a habitation place and its pottery and seeds are more conducive to dating accurately by radiocarbon method. The Guye site could also provide more details on the contemporaneous remains and help us to know how the microblades were used in this tropical area. The new dating results show that the microblades were used around 5900~5500 BP. All the available data show that the microblade industry appeared in tropical area of South China during the Middle Holocene. In this paper, 343 microblade cores from the Museum of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed. They are all collected during the archaeological surveys in 1980’s. Based on the stone materials, blank types, striking platform types, striking platform quantities, and debitage surfaces, we established the models of reduction strategies of microblade technology at the Xiqiaoshan site. Through observing the microblade cores and the schemes of reduction strategies, this study reveals some of the main characteristics of the Xiqiaoshan microblade industry: Both the flake and chunk blanks were expediently used as microblade cores; the flake blanks are more controlled to form wedge-shaped cores, and with less dimensional variation; as the chunk blanks were shaped according to the sizes of raw material nodules, they are various in sizes; the multi-platforms reduction is the most prominent feature of the Xiqiaoshan microblade reduction, since microblade cores with double and even more platforms are rare in the regions of traditionally well-developed microblade industry (Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). This work not only summarized the characteristics of the microblade technology of the Xiqiaoshan site, but also compared it with the microblade techniques of other sites. The results of the current research enriched our knowledge of this tropical microblade industry and shed light on further understanding of the population migrations and cultural diffusion during the Middle Holocene.

Key words: Xiqiaoshan, Microblade cores, Reduction strategy, Technological origin, Cultural diffusion

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