广西永福窑田岭遗址垫饼的掌纹印痕

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广西永福窑田岭遗址是广西地区已发现的规模较大的宋代青瓷窑址之一。在该遗址中出土了一批极为特别的支烧具—带有清晰掌纹印痕的垫饼，这种垫饼是目前广西地区已发现的宋代窑址中仅见的带有人类肤纹印痕的标本。本文以窑田岭遗址出土的带有掌纹的垫饼为研究对象，运用现代肤纹学和刑事侦查中痕检学的相关研究成果，对陶工群体进行个体识别，同时提取陶工的利手、年龄、性别、身高、疾病等方面的体质信息。研究显示：窑田岭遗址参与制作垫饼的陶工人数至少有40人，推测其中未成年人数较多，身高大多在160 cm以下，左手掌纹印痕多于右手，其中有一人疑似为遗传病患者。陶器与窑址支烧具上留存的肤纹为探讨相关人群体质特征及其病理提供了可能，本文的研究为探讨宋代陶工群体的体质特征提供了一个新的视角。

关键词: 广西, 宋代, 窑田岭遗址, 垫饼掌纹, 陶工体质特征

Abstract:

The Yantianling site in Yongfu, Guangxi, is one of the larger Song Dynasty celadon kiln sites discovered in Guangxi. It is located between Fangjiacun Yantianling in Nanxiong Village, Yongfu Town, Yongfu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Datun in Longxi Village, Guangfu Township. It is a kiln site complex composed of several kilns of different sizes. A batch of very special supporting tools - pad cakes with clear palm print marks were unearthed at this site. These pad cakes are the only specimens with human skin texture marks found among the Song Dynasty kiln sites discovered in Guangxi so far. The palm print marks on the pad cakes were formed during their production process. After the firing process was completed, due to the hardening of the clay and its stable chemical state, they were less affected by the burial environment, allowing these palm print marks to be preserved for a long time. This paper takes the pad cakes with palm prints unearthed at the Yantianling site as the research object, and uses the relevant research results of modern dermatoglyphics and trace evidence examination in criminal investigation to identify the individuals of the potter group, and extract physical information such as handedness, age, gender, height, and diseases of the potters. Then, from the perspective of dermatoglyphics, it discusses the number of individuals, gender ratio, and age composition of the potter group at the site. Through this research process, it also explores the research methods for palm print marks on pottery, and hopes to establish a relatively complete research system and observation standards for palm prints on pottery during this process, providing new ideas and methods for the study of artifacts. The research shows that at least 40 potters participated in the production of pad cakes at the Yantianling site, and it is estimated that there were many minors among them, with most of their heights below 160 cm. Left palm print marks were more common than right ones, and one person was suspected of having a genetic disease. The skin texture marks left on pottery and kiln supporting tools provide the possibility to explore the physical characteristics and pathologies of related populations. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the physical characteristics of the Song Dynasty potter group and also offers a new idea for physical anthropology research, especially in regions where bones are difficult to preserve, such artifacts with soft tissue imprints may provide a new direction for studying the physical data of ancient humans in the region.

Key words: Guangxi, Song Dynasty, Yaotianling site, palm prints, physical characteristics

中图分类号:

Q983

曹巍, 袁俊杰, 黄毅华, 何安益. 广西永福窑田岭遗址垫饼的掌纹印痕[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(01): 101-115.

CAO Wei, YUAN Junjie, HUANG Yihua, HE Anyi. Palm print marks of mat cake from the Yaotianling site of Song Dynasty in Yongfu, Guangxi[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(01): 101-115.

图/表 5

图1 掌褶线及ATD角示意图[16] 图中，红色圆圈为掌外侧部中、下三分之一结合部，紫色圆圈为手掌内侧部中央位置

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of palm fold lines and ATD angle The red circle is the combination of the middle and lower third of the lateral part of the palm, and the purple circle is the center of the medial part of the palm

图2 中央位置和掌外侧部中、下三分之一结合部示意图[14]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the combination of the central position of the medial part of the palm and the middle and lower third of the lateral part of the palm

图3 垫饼及掌纹细节图片 1.标本编号22 / number 22；2.标本编号19 / number 19；3.标本编号18 / number 18；4.标本编号29 / number 29；5.标本编号19的手掌内侧部中央位置细节图Detail of the central position of the medial part of the hand of number 19；6.标本编号3的掌外侧部中、下三分之一结合部细节图Detail of the combination of the middle and lower third of the lateral part of the metacarpal of number 3

Fig.3 The pictures of the mat cake and palm print details

图4 垫饼上掌纹特定区域纹线数统计结果 a.手掌内侧部中央位置五毫米长度内Within a 5 mm length at the central part of the medial palm；b.手掌外侧一厘米区域内Within a 1 cm area of the lateral palm

Fig.4 Statistical results of the number of crest lines in specific areas of the palm print on the mat cake

图5 疑似遗传病患者掌纹的垫饼图片 1.标本编号11/number 11；2.标本编号246/number 246。红色区域为掌三叉位置The red area is the position of the palmar trigonometry

Fig.5 Picture of the mat cake in the palm print of a patient with suspected genetic disease

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