人类学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (01): 118-126.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2018.0051

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吉林大安市后套木嘎遗址出土鸟类遗存研究

梁琪瑶, 陈全家*(), 王春雪   

  1. 吉林大学考古学院,长春130012
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-22 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈全家
  • 作者简介:梁琪瑶(1994-),女,吉林大学考古学院博士研究生,研究方向为动物考古学。E-mail: liangqy16@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDB055);吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(101832018C122)

A study of bird remains from the Houtaomuga site in Da’an, Jilin

LIANG Qiyao, CHEN Quanjia*(), WANG Chunxue   

  1. School of Archaeology Jilin University, Changchun 130012
  • Received:2018-01-22 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-07-17
  • Contact: CHEN Quanjia

摘要:

本文对后套木嘎遗址新石器时代到辽金时期出土的鸟类遗存进行专题研究,通过对出土的鸟类骨骼进行个体及种群的统计和分析,探讨该遗址先民对鸟类资源的利用方式、狩猎模式、遗址的使用时间和所在地区的生态环境,为进一步研究该遗址的文化内涵提供重要线索。

关键词: 吉林, 后套木嘎遗址, 新石器时代, 历史时期, 鸟类遗存

Abstract:

A number of bird remains were unearthed from the Houtaomuga site in Da’an City, Jilin Province, Northeast China, during 2011~2015. The long occupation of the site, lasting from the Early Neolithic period to the Liao and Jin Dynasties, has been divided into seven chronological phases.

In this study, a total of 3398 bone fragments of birds were recovered, of which 2711 specimens were identified to taxonomic levels, including 19 species from 11 families and 8 orders. The assemblage is dominated by the remains of Phasianidae, accounting for approximately 77% of the identified specimens. By observing size differences and the presence of a spur on the tarso-metatarsus, we reveal that the specimens of male Phasianidae significantly outnumber their female counterparts.

Considering bird migration, we can divide the bird species from the site into two categories: resident and migratory birds. It is assumed that the site was a seasonal occupied human settlement, and the spring and summer might be the main bird hunting seasons. During the Neolithic Age, the major subsistence strategy at the site was hunting and fishing, while birds appear to have served as a key supplementary food resource for prehistoric residents. The bird species hunted by people varied according to changing seasons and climate patterns through chronological phases. It is noteworthy that in the Han Dynasty, birds became an indispensable burial offering. In addition, bird remains, as a key ecological indicator, may reflect environmental changes occurred at the site.

Key words: Jilin, Houtaomuga site, Neolithic, Historical period, Bird remains

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