北京凤凰山化石地点发掘简报

人类学学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (04): 470-476.

北京凤凰山化石地点发掘简报

王波; 张乐; 高立红; 李潇丽; 冯兴无

出版日期:2013-12-15 发布日期:2013-12-15

A preliminary study of the Fenghuangshan locality near Zhoukoudian

WANG Bo; ZHANG Yue; GAO Li-hong; LI Xiao-li; FENG Xing-wu

Online:2013-12-15 Published:2013-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 北京凤凰山地点位于周口店北京猿人遗址以北8km处, 是一处含哺乳动物化石与灰烬的洞穴-裂隙堆积。该地点包括两个化石层,上层为洞外的冲积物, 由棕红色黏土组成, 靠下部发现有零星的、破碎的化石, 可鉴定出似鸡骨山狐(Vulpes cf.chikushanensis)和羚羊(Antelopinae)两种类型; 下层含有灰烬层, 出土了较为丰富的哺乳动物化石, 可鉴定的哺乳动物化石包括鬣狗(Hyaenidae)、三门马(Equus sameniensis)、犀(Rhinocerotidae)、李氏野猪(Sus lydekkeri)、肿骨大角鹿(Megaloceros pachyosteus)、葛氏斑鹿(Cervus(Sika)grayi)、水牛(Bubalus sp.), 共7种。动物群与周口店第一地点和南京人化石地点的动物群相似, 指示该地点化石层的时代可能为中更新世。部分骨骼表面痕迹与灰烬层的发现显示该地点可能不排除有古人类活动痕迹的存在。

关键词: 周口店; 凤凰山; 动物化石; 灰烬; 中更新世

Abstract: The Fenghuangshan site located eight kilometers from Zhoukoudian Locality 1 is a cave site with two layers yielding fauna and ash. The upper layer is composed of brown red clay that came from an alluvial deposit outside of the cave, with the lower part of this layer containing a few fragmental animal bones identified to two species: Vulpes cf. chikushanensis and Antelopinae. Within the lower layer, there is an ash lens, with seven faunal species identified: Hyaenidae, Equus sameniensis, Rhinocerotidae, Sus lydekkeri, Megaloceros pachyosteus, Cervus (Sika) grayi and Bubalus sp. This faunal assemblage is very similar to Zhoukoudian Locality 1 and the Nanjing Man site, indicating that the age of Fenghuangshan site probably belongs to the Middle Pleistocene. The occurrence of ash and some long bone surface modification suggests that certain hominids might have lived in the vicinity.

Key words: Zhoukoudian; Fenghuangshan; Animal Bones; Ash; Middle Pleistocene

王波; 张乐; 高立红; 李潇丽; 冯兴无. 北京凤凰山化石地点发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2013, 32(04): 470-476.

WANG Bo; ZHANG Yue; GAO Li-hong; LI Xiao-li; FENG Xing-wu. A preliminary study of the Fenghuangshan locality near Zhoukoudian[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2013, 32(04): 470-476.