旧石器时代砸击法剥片技术相关问题探讨

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

砸击法是早期人类最基本的剥片技术之一,自旧石器时代早期至现代民族学观察中一直有大量应用。相对于另一种重要的剥片技术-锤击法,砸击法独特的剥片机制有着诸多的优势和不足,其在人类演化过程中所扮演的角色一直是学术界关注的话题。目前,国内关于砸击法剥片技术的实验和讨论较少,有关砸击法剥片技术的鉴别特征和经济策略等问题一直存在争议。本文通过对砸击法相关术语的梳理,结合泥河湾盆地麻地沟遗址的石器实验研究,明确了砸击法的基本概念,讨论了砸击法的应用方式、经济效益、产品辨识特征,在此基础上分析了砸击法的适用情况,并倡导在以后的砸击法产品辨识过程中应以各地原料为基础进行实验观察,进而对遗址中砸击法产品进行对比和辨认。本文对客观解释古人类的石器技术与生存策略具有重要意义。

关键词: 砸击法, 剥片策略, 砸击法辨识, 旧石器时代

Abstract:

Bipolar knapping technique, as one of the basic lithic knapping strategies adopted by early hominins, was widely used since the earliest stone age to the ethnographic observation. Compared to the other important flaking technique (freehand percussion), the unique mechanism of bipolar knapping technique bears many advantages and weaknesses. What kinds of roles did the bipolar technique play during the human evolution also attracted great attention in the paleoanthropological research. At present, the experimental work and discussion of bipolar knapping strategy in Chinese Paleolithic archaeology is still rare, the discriminating attributes and economic strategy of bipolar technique have always been controversy for a long time. Combining with the experimental study on the Madigou site from the Nihewan Basin, this paper tries to make an illustration on terminology of bipolar knapping in details and definite the concept, application patterns, economic strategy, as well as the identification attributes of the technique. Furthermore, the authors suggest that the bipolar experiments on local raw materials should be carried out before the observation of bipolar products. In a word, this paper will bear significance on the identification of bipolar products excavated from archaeological sites and the interpretation of lithic technology as well as adapted behaviors adopted by early hominins in China.

Key words: bipolar technique, knapping strategy, bipolar knapping identification, Paleolithic archaeology

中图分类号:

K871.11

马东东, 裴树文. 旧石器时代砸击法剥片技术相关问题探讨[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(04): 584-597.

MA Dongdong, PEI Shuwen. A general review on the bipolar flaking technique and related issues in Paleolithic archaeology[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(04): 584-597.

图/表 3

图1 砸击法剥片的应用方式[44]

Fig. 1 Different application methods of bipolar knapping[44]

图2 砸痕的发展过程及表现[35] a.砸痕的发展过程/The development process of battering or crushing; b. 砸击法剥片所形成的砸痕/Illustration of battering or crushing

Fig.2 The development process and illustration of battering or crushing [35]

图3 剥片技术由锤击法向砸击法转换模型[40]

Fig.3 Modelling the transition from hand-held to bipolar reduction[40]

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