江苏兴化蒋庄遗址良渚文化墓地的古人口学

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古人口学研究包含对人口学静态参数和动态参数的研究,本文对江苏兴化蒋庄遗址良渚文化墓地进行了性别、年龄结构的分析和生育水平的估计,后者采用的是用n₃₀₊/n₅₊估算粗出生率的方法。蒋庄人口的性别比是105,属于正常范围。模型拟合研究发现蒋庄人口的死亡年龄结构接近正态分布,这种现象可能与婴幼儿统计漏查、成人年龄鉴定中存在的问题和对“老年”标准的定义有关。通过估算粗出生率并将蒋庄样本和其他新石器时代人骨样本进行粗出生率的对比,发现蒋庄人口的生育水平较高,可能与其环境优渥、文明进步有关。研究还表明,对新方法的尝试和对人骨样本代表性的重视是推动古人口学进步的关键。

关键词: 古人口学, 蒋庄遗址, 良渚文化

Abstract:

Researches on paleodemography contains the researches on stationery parameters and dynamic parameters. The analysis of sex and age structure and the estimate of fertility level of Liangzhu culture cemetery in Jiangzhuang site in Xinghua, Jiangsu were conducted, and the latter was implemented by the method of using n₃₀₊/n₅₊ to estimate crude birth rate(CBR). It was revealed that the sex ratio of Jiangzhuang was 105 which fell well within the normal range. The age-at-death distribution of Jiangzhuang approximated normal distribution by model fitting, which might be associated with the under-enumeration of infants, the problems in adult age estimation and the establishment of the criteria of judging “old age”. By estimating and contrasting the CBRs of Jiangzhuang and other Neolithic human skeleton samples, it was revealed that the fertility level of Jiangzhuang is relatively high, which might be associated with the favorable living environment and the development of civilization. Otherwise, the research also indicated that the experiments of new methods and paying attention to the issue of the representativeness of human skeleton sample were vital for advancing paleodemography.

Key words: Paleodemography, Jiangzhuang site, Liangzhu culture

中图分类号:

Q988/Q983

侯侃, 林留根, 甘恢元, 闫龙, 朱晓汀. 江苏兴化蒋庄遗址良渚文化墓地的古人口学[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(02): 239-248.

HOU Kan, LIN Liugen, GAN Huiyuan, YAN Long, ZHU Xiaoting. Paleodemographic research on Liangzhu culture cemetery of the Jiangzhuang site in Xinghua, Jiangsu[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(02): 239-248.

图/表 7

参考文献 52

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对比组/Groups	男性/Male	女性/Female	性别比/Gender ratio	个体数/n	鉴定率/Identification rate
蒋庄	63	60	105.00	246	50.00%
乐都柳湾	105	88	119.32	228	84.65%
临潭磨沟	786	835	94.13	2666	60.80%
元君庙	91	64	142.19	201	77.11%
汉中龙岗寺	149	170	87.65	388	82.22%
阳原姜家梁	73	49	148.98	138	88.41%
兖州王因	682	315	216.51	1240	80.40%
邳县大墩子	177	120	147.50	311	95.50%
邳县刘林	76	59	128.81	149	90.60%
金坛三星村	591	363	162.81	1190	80.17%

对比组/Groups	男性/Male	女性/Female	性别比/Gender ratio	个体数/n	鉴定率/Identification rate
蒋庄	63	60	105.00	246	50.00%
乐都柳湾	105	88	119.32	228	84.65%
临潭磨沟	786	835	94.13	2666	60.80%
元君庙	91	64	142.19	201	77.11%
汉中龙岗寺	149	170	87.65	388	82.22%
阳原姜家梁	73	49	148.98	138	88.41%
兖州王因	682	315	216.51	1240	80.40%
邳县大墩子	177	120	147.50	311	95.50%
邳县刘林	76	59	128.81	149	90.60%
金坛三星村	591	363	162.81	1190	80.17%

对比组/Groups	样本量/n	n₃₀₊	n₅₊	n₃₀₊/n₅₊	CBR	J:A	MCM
蒋庄	165	87	155	0.561	62.61‰	0.152	0.061
乐都柳湾	143	87	138	0.630	54.66‰	0.075	0.042
临潭磨沟	2425	851	1955	0.435	77.09‰	0.371	0.094
华县元君庙	184	95	182	0.522	67.13‰	0.137	0.053
汉中龙岗寺	296	209	293	0.713	45.14‰	0.089	0.038
阳原姜家梁	139	102	138	0.739	42.17‰	0.024	0.026
兖州王因	827	500	818	0.611	56.87‰	0.080	0.044
邳县大墩子	109	91	109	0.835	31.17‰	0.079	0.024
邳县刘林	127	81	120	0.675	49.54‰	0.158	0.066
金坛三星村	880	357	817	0.437	76.90‰	0.232	0.091
蒙城尉迟寺	133	23	68	0.338	88.25‰	0.488	0.068

对比组/Groups	样本量/n	n₃₀₊	n₅₊	n₃₀₊/n₅₊	CBR	J:A	MCM
蒋庄	165	87	155	0.561	62.61‰	0.152	0.061
乐都柳湾	143	87	138	0.630	54.66‰	0.075	0.042
临潭磨沟	2425	851	1955	0.435	77.09‰	0.371	0.094
华县元君庙	184	95	182	0.522	67.13‰	0.137	0.053
汉中龙岗寺	296	209	293	0.713	45.14‰	0.089	0.038
阳原姜家梁	139	102	138	0.739	42.17‰	0.024	0.026
兖州王因	827	500	818	0.611	56.87‰	0.080	0.044
邳县大墩子	109	91	109	0.835	31.17‰	0.079	0.024
邳县刘林	127	81	120	0.675	49.54‰	0.158	0.066
金坛三星村	880	357	817	0.437	76.90‰	0.232	0.091
蒙城尉迟寺	133	23	68	0.338	88.25‰	0.488	0.068