元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0098

人类学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 952-966.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0098cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0098

元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化

张伟林¹(), 颜茂都¹^,², 昝金波¹, 苗运法³, 宋香锁⁴, 张涛⁵, 徐尊铂¹^,², 才让道吉¹^,², 阮齐军⁶, 李浩¹

1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所，青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室，北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室，兰州 730000
4.山东省地质科学研究院，济南 250013
5.兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院，兰州 730000
6.云南省文物考古研究所，昆明 650206

收稿日期:2025-03-26 接受日期:2025-06-10 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-15
作者简介:张伟林，研究员，主要从事磁性地层学和构造地质学研究。E-mail: zhangwl@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800502);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0804503);青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心(41988101-01);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0707)

Evolution of Cenozoic geomorphology in the Yuanmou hominin site area

ZHANG Weilin¹(), YAN Maodu¹^,², ZAN Jinbo¹, MIAO Yunfa³, SONG Xiangsuo⁴, ZHANG Tao⁵, XU Zunbo¹^,², Cairangdaoji ¹^,², RUAN Qijun⁶, LI Hao¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
4. Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan 250013
5. School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
6. Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650206

Received:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-06-10 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对元谋猿人遗址及其周边地区的地貌形成演化以及水系地表侵蚀过程的研究，可深入揭示青藏高原东南缘构造隆升与气候-生态环境-古人类活动的耦合关系。本研究以磁性地层年代学、构造事件和岩相变化为基石，系统阐述了元谋猿人遗址及其周边地区古夷平面、内部古水系以及河流阶地等地貌发育、形成和演化过程。研究结果表明，元谋猿人遗址及周边地区在新生代以来至少经历了从渐新世晚期至中新世早期、晚中新世早期、上新世早期、早更新世晚期、中更新世、晚更新世以及全新世等不同时期的重大构造事件和水系重组事件，最终演化成现今的地貌格局。另外，元谋猿人遗址的形成过程与三级古夷平面的形成和河流阶地的发育高度相关，反映了古人类活动与构造运动、水系变迁及其控制的地貌演化模式的密切关系。本研究为探讨地貌过程和生态环境变化对元谋猿人及其他古人类生存活动的影响机制提供了重要的地质证据，并为元谋猿人遗址及周边区域今后的古人类和旧石器考古工作提供了重要的参考依据。

关键词: 青藏高原, 元谋猿人, 夷平面, 古水系, 河流阶地

Abstract:

The study on the formation and evolution of geomorphology and the surface erosion of paleo-drainage of the Yuanmou paleolithic site and its surrounding region can well reveal the coupling relationship between tectonic uplift, climate, ecological environment and ancient human activities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The geomorphologic formation and evolution and the surface erosion of its internal paleo-drainage around the Yuanmou paleolithic site, have profoundly influenced by the multiple tectonic uplifts and paleo-drainage reorganization on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) since the Eocene. The ancient bedrock of the paleo-planation surface and the Cenozoic strata above the river terraces have formed a surface weathering crust under long-term physical and chemical processes, becoming an important ecological barrier for the distinctive regional ecological environment, Agricultural and livestock production, and ancient human activities. Based on magnetostratigraphic chronology, tectonic events, and lithofacies changes, our study systematically elucidated the development, formation, and breakup processes of the geomorphology from the paleo-planation surface, the paleo-drainage and the river terraces. The research results indicate that the Yuanmou paleolithic site and its surrounding region have undergone significant tectonic events and paleo-drainage reorganization events in different periods since the Cenozoic, such as during the late Oligocene to early Miocene, early Late-Miocene, early Pliocene, late Early-Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene and Holocene, and ultimately formed to its present configuration. In addition, the formation process of the Yuanmou Paleolithic Site is highly related to the formation of the third paleo-planation surface and the development of river terraces, reflecting the close association between ancient human activities and tectonic movements, paleo-drainage changes, and their controlled geomorphic evolution patterns. This work would provide significant geological evidence for exploring the impact mechanisms of geomorphic processes and ecological environment changes on the survival activities of Yuanmou Man and other ancient humans, and also offer essential proof for future archaeological work on ancient humans and Paleolithic artifacts in the Yuanmou Paleolithic Site and its surrounding region.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, Yuanmou hominin site, planation surface, paleo-drainage, river terrace

中图分类号:

P534.6

张伟林, 颜茂都, 昝金波, 苗运法, 宋香锁, 张涛, 徐尊铂, 才让道吉, 阮齐军, 李浩. 元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(06): 952-966.

ZHANG Weilin, YAN Maodu, ZAN Jinbo, MIAO Yunfa, SONG Xiangsuo, ZHANG Tao, XU Zunbo, Cairangdaoji , RUAN Qijun, LI Hao. Evolution of Cenozoic geomorphology in the Yuanmou hominin site area[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(06): 952-966.

图/表 4

图1 青藏高原东南缘构造地质概况 A-B.青藏高原东南缘位置与区域构造 Location and Regional tectonics of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau; C.元谋盆地地貌概况 Geomorphic overview of the Yuanmou Basin; D.青藏高原东南部三大阶梯地形，具体位置a-a′见图1:A Three gradient terrains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau with specific locations a-a′ shown in Fig.1A; E.元谋盆地地形，具体位置b-b′见图1:C Topography of the Yuanmou Basin with specific locations b-b′ shown in Fig.1C

Fig.1 Tectonic and geological overview of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

图2 元谋盆地及其周边地层分布 A.元谋盆地及其周边区域地质图 Geological map of the Yuanmou Basin and its surrounding regions; B.横跨元谋盆地a-a’和b-b’的水平剖面图 Cross sections of a-a’ and b-b’ spanning the Yuanmou Basin; C.横跨元谋盆地c-c’和d-d’的水平剖面图 Cross sections of c-c’ and d-d’ spanning the Yuanmou Basin

Fig.2 Stratigraphic distribution in the Yuanmou basin and its surrounding regions

图3 青藏高原东南缘元谋盆地磁性地层年代 A-C.主盆地The main basin[40,58]; D-E.次级盆地The sub-basin[44,46]; F.平均沉积速率The average sedimentary rate

Fig.3 Magnetostratigraphic age of the Yuanmou basin in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

图4 青藏高原东南缘元谋盆地内部水系演化模型 A.第一阶段(11 Ma~7 Ma）/The first stage from 11 Ma to 7 Ma；B.第二阶段(5.0 Ma~1.3 Ma）/The second stage from 5.0 Ma to 1.3 Ma; C.第三阶段(≤1.3 Ma）/The third stage after 1.3 Ma

Fig.4 Internal drainage evolutionary model for the Yuanmou Basin in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化

Evolution of Cenozoic geomorphology in the Yuanmou hominin site area

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