河北蔚县盆地东沟遗址的光释光年龄

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0050

人类学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03): 543-555.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0050cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0050

河北蔚县盆地东沟遗址的光释光年龄

黄冰柔¹^,²(), 牛东伟¹^,²^,³, 裴树文⁴, 郭玉杰¹^,²()

¹ 河北师范大学历史文化学院，石家庄 050024
² 河北省东方人类起源与文明探源重点实验室，石家庄 050024
³ 吉林大学生物考古实验室，长春 130012
⁴ 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，北京 100044

收稿日期:2024-12-05 接受日期:2025-04-06 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-12
通讯作者: 郭玉杰，副教授，主要从事环境考古研究。E-mail: yjguo@hebtu.edu.cn
作者简介:黄冰柔，硕士研究生，主要从事环境考古研究。E-mail: 15876885896@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372207);国家社科基金一般项目(21BKG034);“吉林大学生物考古实验室”开放基金

Luminescence dating of the Donggou site in the Yuxian Basin of Hebei

HUANG Bingrou¹^,²(), NIU Dongwei¹^,²^,³, PEI Shuwen⁴, GUO Yujie¹^,²()

¹ College of History and Culture, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024
² Hebei Key Laboratory of East Asian Human Origin and Civilization Research, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024
³ Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Jilin University, Changchun 130012
⁴ Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044

Received:2024-12-05 Accepted:2025-04-06 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东沟遗址是蔚县盆地近期发现的一处重要的旧石器时代遗址，以往研究表明遗址的年代已超出放射性碳测年方法的上限。本文利用钾长石单片和单颗粒多步升温红外激发后红外激发光释光测年法(MET-pIRIR)对遗址剖面进行了测年研究，并结合贝叶斯模拟建立了遗址剖面的年代序列框架。结果表明，文化层的堆积年代在76~74 kaBP，对应深海氧同位素MIS-5a阶段的末期，文化上属于旧石器时代中期。东沟遗址为研究中国北方地区旧石器时代中期石器技术发展以及古人类生存策略选择等方面提供了新的考古材料与证据。

关键词: 蔚县盆地, 东沟遗址, MET-pIRIR, 旧石器时代中期

Abstract:

The Nihewan Basin is a pivotal region for investigating the evolutionary trajectory and cultural development of prehistoric human populations in China. The Donggou site, located in the Yuxian Basin, which is a sub-basin of the Nihewan Basin, is a significant Paleolithic site. The site had been excavated twice in 2017 and 2018. The excavation yielded abundant stone tools and animal fossils, with the stone tool industry belonging to the traditional flake tool industry of North China. The discovery and excavation of the Donggou site have provided rich materials for constructing the Paleolithic cultural sequence of the Yuxian Basin and the Nihewan Basin.

The sediments profile of this site is divided into seven layers: Layer 7 is fluvial channel deposits of coarse sand and gravel, Layers 6~3 are floodplain silt, Layer 2 is aeolian loess, and Layer 1 is disturbed modern soil from bottom to top. The cultural layer is Layer 5. Previous studies have shown that the age of the site exceeds the upper limit of radiocarbon dating. To determine the site's age, a total of twelve samples were collected from layers 6 to 2 for luminescence dating. The samples were dated using the multiple elevated temperatures (MET) post infrared (pIR) infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) (MET-pIRIR) procedure on both multi-grained single aliquots and single grains of potassium-rich feldspars (K-feldspars). Bayesian modeling was used to simulate the determined ages and establish a chronological sequence framework for the site profile. The dating results indicate that Layer 6 is approximately deposited between 126.1~98.4 kaBP, roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage, MIS-5e~MIS-5c phases. The depositional age of Layer 5 is about 75.9~73.6 kaBP, roughly corresponding to the terminal phase of MIS-5a. The depositional age of Layer 4 is about 73.6~72.6 kaBP, Layer 3 is about 72.6~71.5 kaBP, and Layer 2 is about 71.5~70.1 kaBP. Layers 4~2 roughly correspond to the initial phase of MIS-4. The deposition rates are 0.03, 0.7, 3.30, 4.27, and 0.93 m/ka for Layer 6 to Layer 2. The variation in the deposition rates for each layer is mainly due to climate change from wet to dry.

The dating results indicate that the accumulation of the cultural layer occurred between 76~74 kaBP, corresponding to the late stage of MIS-5a, which places it within the Middle Paleolithic. The Donggou site provides new archaeological materials and evidence for the study of the development of stone tool technology and the survival strategies of ancient humans during the Middle Paleolithic in northern China.

Key words: Yuxian Basin, Donggou site, MET-pIRIR, Middle Paleolithic

中图分类号:

K871

黄冰柔, 牛东伟, 裴树文, 郭玉杰. 河北蔚县盆地东沟遗址的光释光年龄[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(03): 543-555.

HUANG Bingrou, NIU Dongwei, PEI Shuwen, GUO Yujie. Luminescence dating of the Donggou site in the Yuxian Basin of Hebei[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(03): 543-555.

图/表 8

图1 东沟遗址地理位置图 a.东沟遗址位置Location of the Donggou site；b.地貌景观Landscape around the site

Fig.1 Geographical location of the Donggou site

图2 东沟遗址剖面及光释光采样位置图 a、b.遗址光释光样品取样位置图Optically Stimulated Luminescence sample positions at the site；c.遗址地层堆积Stratigraphic section of the site。图b中的红白标尺为1 m / The red-and-white scale in Fig.2b represents 1 m

Fig.2 Stratigraphic profile and luminescence sampling locations of the Donggou site

表1 东沟遗址钾长石MET-pIRIR250℃年龄结果

Tab.1 The potassium feldspar MET-pIRIR250℃ age results from the Donggou site

样品Sample	深度Depth (m)	粒级Grain size (μm)	U (mg/kg)	Th (mg/kg)	K（%）	外部剂量率External dose rate (Gy/ka)	内部剂量率Internal dose rate (Gy/ka)	总剂量率Total dose rate (Gy/ka)	等效剂量 D_e(Gy) ^a	实测年龄Age(ka) ^c	模拟年龄Age(ka) ^d
23DG-OSL-1	0.5	63-90	2.47±0.07	11.00±0.33	2.12%±0.11%	3.36±0.11	0.32±0.05	3.67±0.12	5.3±0.9	1.4±0.2
23DG-OSL-2	1	63-90	2.97±0.09	12.20±0.37	2.33%±0.12%	3.70±0.12	0.32±0.05	4.02±0.13	293±7	72.8±2.9	70.7±4.0
17DG-OSL-03	2.6	90-150	2.85±0.09	10.61±0.32	2.27%±0.11%	3.44±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.92±0.16	242±10	61.7±3.5
17DG-OSL-04	5.7	90-150	2.42±0.07	9.92±0.30	2.28%±0.11%	3.27±0.11	0.48±0.1	3.74±0.16	260±9	69.4±3.7	72.4±3.1
17DG-OSL-05	7.4	90-150	2.20±0.07	10.50±0.31	2.24%±0.11%	3.20±0.11	0.48±0.1	3.68±0.15	280±10	76.2±4.1	72.9±2.9
17DG-OSL-06	8.8	90-150	2.27±0.07	11.39±0.34	2.27%±0.11%	3.28±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.76±0.16	275±9	73.1±3.9	73.3±2.9
17DG-OSL-07	9.7	90-150	2.34±0.07	11.10±0.33	2.42%±0.12%	3.41±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.88±0.16	279±11	71.9±4.1	73.6±3.1
17DG-OSL-08	9.9	90-150	2.29±0.07	11.50±0.34	2.35%±0.12%	3.36±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.84±0.16	275±10	71.8±3.9	73.7±3.1
17DG-OSL-09	10.5	90-150	2.36±0.07	10.61±0.32	2.34%±0.12%	3.30±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.78±0.16	287±10	75.9±4	74.5±3.7
17DG-OSL-09 ^b							0.51±0.11	3.81±0.16	275±18	72.1±5.7	74.5±3.8
17DG-OSL-10	11.5	90-150	2.61±0.08	10.01±0.30	2.37%±0.12%	3.34±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.82±0.16	373±16	97.6±5.9	101.7±9.5
17DG-OSL-11	11.6	90-150	2.26±0.07	9.90±0.30	2.32%±0.12%	3.21±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.69±0.16	415±17	112.5±6.7	105±8.1
17DG-OSL-12	12.03	90-150	2.33±0.07	10.81±0.32	2.30%±0.12%	3.27±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.74±0.16	436±21	116.5±7.5	119.4±14.0

表1 东沟遗址钾长石MET-pIRIR250℃年龄结果

Tab.1 The potassium feldspar MET-pIRIR250℃ age results from the Donggou site

样品Sample	深度Depth (m)	粒级Grain size (μm)	U (mg/kg)	Th (mg/kg)	K（%）	外部剂量率External dose rate (Gy/ka)	内部剂量率Internal dose rate (Gy/ka)	总剂量率Total dose rate (Gy/ka)	等效剂量 D_e(Gy) ^a	实测年龄Age(ka) ^c	模拟年龄Age(ka) ^d
23DG-OSL-1	0.5	63-90	2.47±0.07	11.00±0.33	2.12%±0.11%	3.36±0.11	0.32±0.05	3.67±0.12	5.3±0.9	1.4±0.2
23DG-OSL-2	1	63-90	2.97±0.09	12.20±0.37	2.33%±0.12%	3.70±0.12	0.32±0.05	4.02±0.13	293±7	72.8±2.9	70.7±4.0
17DG-OSL-03	2.6	90-150	2.85±0.09	10.61±0.32	2.27%±0.11%	3.44±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.92±0.16	242±10	61.7±3.5
17DG-OSL-04	5.7	90-150	2.42±0.07	9.92±0.30	2.28%±0.11%	3.27±0.11	0.48±0.1	3.74±0.16	260±9	69.4±3.7	72.4±3.1
17DG-OSL-05	7.4	90-150	2.20±0.07	10.50±0.31	2.24%±0.11%	3.20±0.11	0.48±0.1	3.68±0.15	280±10	76.2±4.1	72.9±2.9
17DG-OSL-06	8.8	90-150	2.27±0.07	11.39±0.34	2.27%±0.11%	3.28±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.76±0.16	275±9	73.1±3.9	73.3±2.9
17DG-OSL-07	9.7	90-150	2.34±0.07	11.10±0.33	2.42%±0.12%	3.41±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.88±0.16	279±11	71.9±4.1	73.6±3.1
17DG-OSL-08	9.9	90-150	2.29±0.07	11.50±0.34	2.35%±0.12%	3.36±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.84±0.16	275±10	71.8±3.9	73.7±3.1
17DG-OSL-09	10.5	90-150	2.36±0.07	10.61±0.32	2.34%±0.12%	3.30±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.78±0.16	287±10	75.9±4	74.5±3.7
17DG-OSL-09 ^b							0.51±0.11	3.81±0.16	275±18	72.1±5.7	74.5±3.8
17DG-OSL-10	11.5	90-150	2.61±0.08	10.01±0.30	2.37%±0.12%	3.34±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.82±0.16	373±16	97.6±5.9	101.7±9.5
17DG-OSL-11	11.6	90-150	2.26±0.07	9.90±0.30	2.32%±0.12%	3.21±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.69±0.16	415±17	112.5±6.7	105±8.1
17DG-OSL-12	12.03	90-150	2.33±0.07	10.81±0.32	2.30%±0.12%	3.27±0.12	0.48±0.1	3.74±0.16	436±21	116.5±7.5	119.4±14.0

图3 东沟遗址样品检验实验结果 a.残余剂量实验结果Residual dose test result; b.剂量恢复实验结果Dose recovery test result; c.桑干河现代河漫滩样品自然残余剂量测试结果The natural residual dose for a modern floodplain sample from the Sanggan River; d.异常衰减率实验结果Fading test result。图中每个点的误差均为1σ / The vertical bars in each panel indicate the corresponding standard errors

Fig.3 Experimental results of sample testing from Donggou site

图4 钾长石MET-pIRIR 50~250 ℃标准生长曲线图中每个点的误差均为1σ / The vertical bars in each panel indicate the corresponding standard errors.

Fig.4 Standard Growth Curve (SGC) of K-feldspar MET-pIRIR Signals (50~250°C)

图5 东沟遗址钾长石单片MET-pIRIR250℃等效剂量雷达分布图 a-l. 23DG-OSL-1、23DG-OSL-2及17DG-OSL-03至17DG-OSL-12的钾长石单片MET-pIRIR250℃等效剂量雷达分布图/ Radial plots of single-aliquot MET-pIRIR250℃ De values for 23DG-OSL-1, 23DG-OSL-2 and 17DG-OSL-3 to 17DG-OSL-12。图中灰色阴影区代表样品的加权平均（CAM）De值，绿色阴影区为样品的最小年龄模型（MAM）De值/ The grey bands in each panel represent the CAM De values, while the green band represents the MAM De value

Fig.5 Radial plots of single-aliquot MET-pIRIR250℃ De values for the Donggou K-feldspar samples

图6 样品17DG-OSL-09的单颗粒等效剂量实验结果 a. 单颗粒等效剂量与释光信号亮度对应关系，橙色曲线为每5个点的滑动平均值，每个点的误差均为1σ / Ranked individual De against their intrinsic brightness for all the accepted grains. The orange line is running means with a fixed subset size of 5 data points, the vertical bars in panel (a) indicate the corresponding standard errors。b. 等效剂量雷达分布图，样品最终CAM值（灰色阴影区）是基于最亮的30%的颗粒（即实心三角形）计算而来，空心圆圈代表剩余的70%较暗的颗粒 / Radial plot of single-grain De values. The grey band in panel (b) is centered on the CAM value based on the 30% brightest grains (solid triangles) for this sample, while the hollow circles indicate the remaining 70% dimmer grains.

Fig.6 Experimental results of single-grain equivalent dose for sample 17DG-OSL-09

图7 东沟遗址光释光测年贝叶斯模拟结果 a. 贝叶斯年龄-深度模型 Bayesian age-depth model[38]；b. 黄土磁化率曲线 Plotted against the magnetic susceptibility (Mag. Sus.) loess proxy curve from the Xifeng section[39]；c. 深海氧同位素曲线Against globally distributed oxygen isotope record of marine benthos (Marine Isotope Stages)[40]。图a中年龄结果为贝叶斯模拟的各层开始和结束堆积的年龄/The age values in panel (a) represent Bayesian modeled estimates for the boundaries of each layer。图b和c中的黄土(L)、古土壤(S)以及氧同位素阶段的年龄界限引自[41] / The age boundaries of the loess-soil units and their corresponding Marine Isotope Stage are based on the reference [41]

Fig.7 Bayesian modeled OSL result for Donggou site

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河北蔚县盆地东沟遗址的光释光年龄

Luminescence dating of the Donggou site in the Yuxian Basin of Hebei

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