在亚洲东北部地区，细石叶技术是旧石器时代晚期人类适应气候和环境的最关键因素之一。学术界围绕细石叶技术产生很多讨论，其中起源、技术演变及技术类型的区域分布是被关注的几个关键问题。细石叶技术可分为初始、成熟、简约几个技术发展阶段，压制法的运用是细石叶技术成熟的关键，细小化的特点决定了各类细石叶使用功能上的区别并不显著。因而在实践层面上，细石叶技术的判定应重视石核和产品形态、技术生产流程、产品的使用意义、强调剥片策略分析，不应限定细石叶的剥制方法。末次盛冰期时，华北地区与中国东北地区、俄罗斯远东、日本北部等所构成的“北方区域”形成分别以船形石核、两面预制的楔形石核为主的二元分化格局，虽然出现过文化上的交叉融合，但是两个区存在以宽、窄楔形石核为主的现象，二元状态没有从根本上发生改变。细石叶技术的起源、成熟、分化与H3、H2、末次盛冰期几次冷事件间有较好的耦合关系，显示出环境驱动力仍然是导致史前人类生存策略变化的关键因素。

During the Upper Paleolithic age, the anatomically modern human survived the extreme climatic conditions including the Heinrich event and the Last Glacial Maximum, and colonized all the continents except Antarctica, which displayed strong adaptability. In Northeast Asia, microblade technology emerged as a pivotal factor in human adaptation to climate and environment during the Upper Paleolithic period. Microblade technology has garnered widespread attention and sparked a considerable amount of discussion and debates. Among the academic research on microblade technology, its origins, technological changes, and regional distribution of different technology types are the most critical issues. The development of microblade technology can be divided into three stages: initial, developed and simple. Diverse interpretations of the concept and essence of microblade technology led to varied perspectives regarding its origins. If pressure flaking is a fundamental element of microblade technology, it may result in the potential omission of early-stage products because practically it is impossible to accurately identify each pressure product. In contrast, the utilization of pressure flaking is a crucial factor in the developed stage of microblade technology. Although the standardizations of microblades of different stages are not the same, their features of microlithization determine that their function and use, possibly in composite tools, are similar. Consequently, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of microblade technology and its evolutionary trajectory, the research of microblade technology should focus on the form of microcores and microblades, the technology process, the usage of microblades and the analysis of reduction strategies. The microblade technology showed a distinct dichotomous pattern during the last glacial maximum (LGM). While bifacially prepared wedge-shaped cores were prevalent in the “northern area” mainly formed by northeastern China, the Russian Far East and northern Japan, boat-shaped cores dominated North China. After the LGM, the improvement of climatic conditions led to the cultural integration between the two regions, but distinct traditions still existed, i.e., narrow wedge-shaped microcores continued dominating the “northern area” and wide ones remained popular in North China. The origin, development and division of microblade technology show significant correlations with cold events such as H3, H2 and LGM, indicating that climatic and environmental factors played critical roles in the change of adaptive strategies of prehistoric humans. The varying distribution patterns of microblade technology in different regions highlight the influence of local environmental conditions and cultural interactions on technological innovation. The persistence of distinct traditions even after cultural integration underscores the enduring impact of historical and geographical factors on the development and transmission of microblade technology.