本文以山西省吕梁市离石区后石墓地人和动物骨骼为主要研究对象，通过碳、氮、锶稳定同位素分析方法揭示吕梁地区东周时期先民的食物结构与人群迁徙情况，进而尝试探讨民族融合等问题。为了更好地确定锶同位素本地范围，本研究还选取了附近信义遗址的少量动物牙齿样品进行了锶同位素分析。文献与墓葬资料表明，吕梁地区可能存在晋文化、秦文化、戎狄等多种文化因素。人与动物骨骼碳氮稳定同位素分析结果显示，后石墓地先民以C₄类食物为主，也摄入一定的肉食资源，但整体上是典型的农耕文明。利用后石墓地先民及信义遗址动物牙釉质锶同位素比值推测后石墓地至少存在4个外来个体。多同位素分析的结果证实该地可能发生了相应的民族融合。

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC—256 BC) was an era of convergence and integration. During this period, frequent population movements, ethnic integration, and changes in subsistence patterns took place. Investigating the subsistence practices and potential population migrations in the Eastern Zhou can offer valuable perspectives on the process of ethnic group integrations and the formation of the Chinese nation at that time.

The Lyuliang area in Shanxi Province is located in the core of the Loess Plateau and serves as a geographical and cultural link between the northern pastoral nomads and the Central Plains. By analyzing the human and animal bones unearthed from the Houshi cemetery in the Lishi district of the Lyuliang region, Shanxi Province, this study aims to reconstruct the diet of the Houshi population and identify potential immigrants during the Eastern Zhou period using stable carbon, nitrogen, and strontium isotope analysis. Additionally, a small number of animal tooth samples from the nearby Xinyi site were analyzed to establish a more precise local range of strontium isotope ratios.

Historical documents and burial analyses indicate that cultural factors from the Jin culture, Qin culture, Rong Di, and others were present in the Lyuliang region. The objective is to explore the extent of ethnic integration during that era. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis results of human and animal bones reveal that the diet of the Houshi population mainly consisted of C₄ plants, supplemented by some meat, suggesting an economy mainly based on farming. It was found that among the individuals with special burial customs, some had a diet somewhat different from that of most individuals in the cemetery. However, there were also some with special burial customs whose diet was consistent with the majority. These individuals might only maintain the burial customs of their original culture while having adapted to the local lifestyle in terms of diet. These individuals may include ethnic minorities such as Rong, Di, and the Qin people who migrated here during the late Warring States period due to the eastward expansion of the Qin state.

Based on the strontium isotope ratios of tooth enamel from the Houshi population and associated fauna from both the Houshi and Xinyi sites, it is inferred that at least four immigrants were present in the Houshi cemetery. Due to the diverse geological background in the vicinity, the local range of the Houshi population is large, and some immigrants from other regions might have been overlooked. In the future, additional lines of evidence are required to fully understand the population composition of the Houshi. The results of multi - isotope analysis confirm that there was likely a certain degree of ethnic integration.