本文对双槐树遗址出土仰韶文化时期的颅骨进行了观察和测量。双槐树组的颅骨特征表现为中颅型、偏阔的中鼻型、偏低的中眶型、阔腭型、中等偏大的面部扁平度、平颌型、眉弓发育较弱、圆钝的眶型、简单的颅顶缝、发育较弱的犬齿窝和鼻根凹。双槐树组居民表现出现代亚洲蒙古人种东亚类型和南亚类型的混合特征，与华南地区的近代人群在体质上较为相似。在与古代组的比较中，双槐树男性组与西山组、仰韶合并组等古代组距离最近，女性组也有相近的研究结论。综合分析，我们认为双槐树古代居民应属于“古中原类型”群体。黄河中游地区在新石器时代晚期阶段，仰韶文化居民表现出较为一致的人种特点。

The skulls of the Yangshao culture excavated from the Shuanghuaishu site were observed and measured. The skull features of the Shuanghuaishu group are characterized by a middle cranial type, medium broad nose type, lower medium orbital type, broad palate type, medium to large facial flatness, flat jaw type, weak eyebrow arch development, round and blunt orbital margin, simple cranial parietal suture, weakly developed canine fossa and nasopharyngeal fossa. The residents of the Shuanghuaishu site exhibited a mixture of East Asian and South Asian types of modern Asian Mongoloids, and their physiques were similar to those of the modern population in South China. When compared with ancient groups, the male group from Shuanghuaishu is most closely related to the combined Yangshao group, the Xishan group, the Wanggou group, and the Sunzhuang group. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the female group. After comprehensive analysis, we conclude that the ancient residents of the Shuanghuaishu site belong to the “Paleo-Central Plains type” group. During the late Neolithic period, the ancient residents in the middle reaches of the Yellow River showed relatively consistent ethnographic characteristics.