人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 481-490.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0032

• 发掘/调查报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

东秦岭卢氏盆地新发现的旧石器

林壹1(), 牛雪纯1, 赵清坡2, 顾雪军3, 李璇4, 李永涛5, 贺存定6, 战世佳6, 张改课7, 朱之勇6, 郑立超5, 史家珍3, 鹿化煜8, 王社江9,10()   

  1. 1.郑州大学历史学院,郑州 450001
    2.河南省文物考古研究院,郑州 450000
    3.洛阳市文物考古研究院,洛阳 471000
    4.河南科技大学人文学院,洛阳 471023
    5.三门峡市文物考古研究所,三门峡 47200
    6.西北大学文化遗产学院,西安 710069
    7.陕西省考古研究院,西安 710054
    8.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
    9.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    10.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-27 修回日期:2021-01-11 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 王社江
  • 作者简介:林壹,讲师,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。Email: 137240991@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    郑州大学“中华文明根系研究(XKZDJC202006);郑州大学青年教师启动基金;中国博士后科学基金第63批面上项目(2018M632788);国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA225);国家自然科学基金项目(41920104005)

Newly discovered Paleolithic artifacts from the Lushi Basin, Eastern Qinling Mountains

LIN Yi1(), NIU Xuechun1, ZHAO Qingpo2, GU Xuejun3, LI Xuan4, LI Yongtao5, HE Cunding6, ZHAN Shijia6, ZHANG Gaike7, ZHU Zhiyong6, ZHENG Lichao5, SHI Jiazhen3, LU Huayu8, WANG Shejiang9,10()   

  1. 1. School of History, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001
    2. Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, 450000
    3. Luoyang City Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, Luoyang, 471000
    4. School of Humanities, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023
    5. Sanmenxia City Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Sanmenxia, 47200
    6. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069
    7. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an, 710054
    8. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023
    9. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    10. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
  • Received:2020-09-27 Revised:2021-01-11 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-16
  • Contact: WANG Shejiang

摘要:

2019年6-8月,在秦岭东部南洛河流域河南卢氏盆地开展古人类和旧石器考古遗址调查,在南洛河不同阶地之上的黄土堆积地层中新发现旧石器地点27处,采集石制品123件。部分石制品采自于阶地顶部暴露的黄土地层剖面上。石制品包括石核、石片、断块、碎屑、石器等类型,整体属于简单的石核-石片工业。原料为取自河滩砾石堆积的石英、砂岩和石英岩等。石核为简单剥片的单台面石核和转向剥片石核。石器组合中既有手镐、砍砸器等重型类型,也有以石片为毛坯的中小型刮削器等。根据黄土-古土壤地层序列初步判断,多数地点的石制品出自黄土L1-S2地层堆积,年代范围涵盖中更新世晚期至晚更新世;西庄村南(19LS35)和九寨山(19LS27)两个地点的2件石制品则出自更早的S9和S13古土壤地层堆积中,它们的发现为进一步探寻南洛河流域最早的古人类活动提供了关键性的考古学证据。本次调查扩大了卢氏盆地旧石器时代遗存的时空分布范围,为本区域旧石器遗址的保护和制订研究计划提供了更为全面的依据。

关键词: 旧石器, 旷野地点, 黄土堆积, 卢氏盆地, 南洛河, 东秦岭

Abstract:

During August 2019, Paleolithic archaeological survey was carried out in the Lushi Basin in the middle of South Luohe River, central China, 27 new Paleolithic open-air sites were identified and 123 lithic artifacts were collected. These sites are distributed on the first to fourth terrace of the South Luohe River, in situ lithic artifacts that buried in loess deposits have been found in some sites.

Lithic artifacts include cores, flakes, chunks and retouched tools. They can be roughly grouped as simple core-flake lithic industry. Lithic raw materials are quartz, sandstone and quartzite pebbles which were locally collected from river deposits. The cores include single-platform and multiple-platform production without preparation. The retouched tools include heavy-duty tools such as picks and choppers, as well as light-duty scrapers made on flakes.

According to the analyses of the loess-paleosol sequences, it is preliminarily concluded that most of the cultural layers are located in L1-S2 loess and paleosol units, which are formed during the late Middle Pleistocene to the late Pleistocene. Two stone artifacts from Xizhuangcunnan (19LS35) and Jiuzhaishan (19LS27) were buried in the S9 and S13 loess deposits respectively, these findings provide important information in relation to the early hominin occupation the basin in the Eastern Qinling Mountains. The investigation expands the timing and space of Paleolithic artifacts distribution in the Lushi Basin, and provides a more comprehensive information for the protection and scientific research of Paleolithic sites in the region.

Key words: Paleolithic artifacts, Open-air sites, Loess deposits, Lushi Basin, South Luohe River, Eastern Qinling Mountains

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