人类学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (03): 342-358.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0049cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0049
张咸鹏1(), 温有锋1(), 李文慧1, 李欣1, 曲泉颖1, 徐国昌2
收稿日期:
2021-11-30
修回日期:
2022-03-14
出版日期:
2023-06-15
发布日期:
2023-06-13
作者简介:
张咸鹏,硕士研究生,主要从事群体遗传学、体质人类学研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG Xianpeng1(), WEN Youfeng1(), LI Wenhui1, LI Xin1, QU Quanying1, XU Guochang2
Received:
2021-11-30
Revised:
2022-03-14
Online:
2023-06-15
Published:
2023-06-13
摘要:
本文对满族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、赫哲族、柯尔克孜族、塔塔尔族、哈萨克族,达斡尔族的头面部表型特征进行调查研究,并引用维吾尔族、乌孜别克族、撒拉族、裕固族、蒙古族、保安族、东乡族、土族、锡伯族的头面部表型数据,组成中国境内阿尔泰语系人群头面部测量表型数据集,探寻阿尔泰语系人群内部结构及亲缘关系。通过对17个阿尔泰语系人群头面部表型数据的分析发现,相同语族的人群具有相似的头面部表型,表明相同语族人群可能具有共同的起源;同时,不同语族人群的头面部表型特征也具有相似性,揭示阿尔泰语系人群间复杂的混合历史。
中图分类号:
张咸鹏, 温有锋, 李文慧, 李欣, 曲泉颖, 徐国昌. 中国阿尔泰语系人群头面部的表型特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(03): 342-358.
ZHANG Xianpeng, WEN Youfeng, LI Wenhui, LI Xin, QU Quanying, XU Guochang. Phenotypic characteristics of the head and face of Chinese Altaic-speaking peoples[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(03): 342-358.
图1 突厥语族人群结构 A、B.南北疆柯尔克孜族人群头面部表型特征主成分分析(男、女)The results of principal component analysis based on cephalo-facial anthropometric indices of the Kirgiz population in northern and southern Xinjiang (Male, Female);C、D.突厥语族人群结构(男、女)Population structure of Turkic-speaking populations (Male, Female)
Fig.1 Population structure of Turkic-speaking populations
性别Gender | 指标Items | 维吾尔族Uygur | 哈萨克族Kazak | 南疆柯尔克孜族South Kirgiz | 北疆柯尔克孜族North Kirgiz | 乌孜别克族Uzbek | 塔塔尔族Tatar | 撒拉族Salar | 裕固族Yugur | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男 Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | - | 124 | 155 | 158 | 169 | 171 | 172 | - |
Lmax | - | 199 | 210.3 | 198.5 | 200 | 218.5 | 295 | - | ||
Lave | 181.3 | 177.5 | 181.7 | 185.1 | 183.3 | 189.1 | 190.4 | 190.4 | ||
σL | 8.8 | 12.1 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 10.6 | 12.3 | 0.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | - | 108 | 126 | 130 | 145 | 145 | 128 | - | |
bmax | - | 172 | 195 | 170 | 172 | 195 | 168 | - | ||
bave | 154.3 | 147.1 | 148.8 | 151.2 | 160 | 160.6 | 151.9 | 151 | ||
σb | 8.6 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 6 | 10.9 | 5.9 | 0.6 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | - | 87 | 62 | 90 | 101 | 73 | 101 | - | |
bmax | - | 187 | 129 | 120 | 127 | 142 | 146 | - | ||
bave | 111 | 123.3 | 91.8 | 103.6 | 115.3 | 101.8 | 118.6 | 131.2 | ||
σb | 6.1 | 18 | 12.7 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 0.6 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | - | 109 | 95 | 133 | 135 | 114 | 129 | - | |
bmax | - | 181 | 173 | 180 | 165 | 170 | 153 | - | ||
bave | 136.9 | 141.6 | 132.1 | 162.2 | 145.7 | 137.9 | 142.7 | 130.7 | ||
σb | 10.9 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 6 | 12 | 5.2 | 0.6 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | - | 70 | 71 | 98 | 102 | 92 | 100 | - | |
bmax | - | 162 | 142 | 138 | 135 | 142 | 199 | - | ||
bave | 114 | 118.4 | 113 | 117.3 | 116.6 | 115.5 | 120.9 | 115.1 | ||
σb | 8.7 | 19.9 | 12.2 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 0.6 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | - | 23 | 19.1 | 23 | 26 | 26 | 26 | - | |
bmax | - | 48 | 45.1 | 42 | 35 | 38.5 | 43 | - | ||
bave | 32.5 | 33.2 | 31.7 | 32.8 | 31.2 | 33 | 34.8 | 35.4 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 0.2 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | - | 71.5 | 63 | 82 | 84 | 77 | 65 | - | |
bmax | - | 119 | 119 | 112 | 102 | 108 | 108 | - | ||
bave | 95 | 98.3 | 98.2 | 96.8 | 94.2 | 93.2 | 93 | 90.8 | ||
σb | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 0.3 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | - | 30 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 31.4 | 23 | - | |
bmax | - | 59 | 61 | 48 | 42 | 70.5 | 45 | - | ||
bave | 36.3 | 38.5 | 39 | 38.5 | 34.9 | 40.6 | 35.7 | 37.4 | ||
σb | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 6 | 3 | 0.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | - | 41 | 31 | 44 | 40 | 40.4 | 35 | - | |
bmax | - | 72 | 90.2 | 65 | 61 | 72.5 | 57 | - | ||
bave | 48 | 55.8 | 56.6 | 53.5 | 51.4 | 58.2 | 47.7 | 50.1 | ||
σb | 4.5 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 6 | 4.1 | 0.3 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | - | 120 | 146 | 143 | 154 | 164.5 | 126 | - | |
Hmax | - | 216 | 243 | 207 | 201 | 215 | 220 | - | ||
Have | 192.9 | 191.6 | 187.6 | 186.2 | 187.4 | 190.3 | 190.9 | 185.1 | ||
σH | 9.1 | 11.1 | 15.6 | 10.4 | 9 | 11 | 11.8 | 0.9 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | - | 99 | 89 | 104 | 105 | 102.5 | 110 | - | |
Hmax | - | 152.5 | 188 | 135 | 138 | 153.5 | 188 | - | ||
Have | 128 | 128.7 | 121.9 | 119.4 | 121.7 | 132.2 | 124.1 | 135 | ||
σH | 7.3 | 10 | 10.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 0.7 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | - | 40 | 43 | 36 | 45 | 52 | 44 | - | |
Hmax | - | 80 | 78 | 67 | 62 | 91 | 65 | - | ||
男 Male | Have | 50.9 | 60 | 58.6 | 53.2 | 52.7 | 67.9 | 53.4 | 62.9 | |
σH | 3.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 0.4 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | - | 50 | 47 | 53 | 52 | 43 | 52 | - | |
Lmax | - | 82.5 | 88 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 95 | - | ||
Lave | 64.1 | 66.9 | 62.5 | 67.4 | 66.6 | 68.2 | 63.8 | 66 | ||
σL | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 0.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | - | 23 | 21 | 23 | 29 | 20 | 24 | - | |
bmax | - | 44 | 44 | 40 | 40 | 44.5 | 39 | - | ||
bave | 33.1 | 31.4 | 32.1 | 32.7 | 32.8 | 30.8 | 31.4 | 33.4 | ||
σb | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.2 | ||
女 Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | - | 133 | 131 | 154 | 155 | 160 | 160 | - |
Lmax | - | 195 | 210 | 195 | 180 | 210.5 | 197 | - | ||
Lave | 171.5 | 166.7 | 174.5 | 175.4 | 170.7 | 182.9 | 176.1 | 184.4 | ||
σL | 9.5 | 12.6 | 10 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 12.2 | 8 | 0.6 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | - | 102 | 122 | 130 | 140 | 135 | 133 | - | |
bmax | - | 172 | 184.2 | 158 | 160 | 190 | 159 | - | ||
bave | 146.7 | 141.1 | 144.1 | 145.7 | 152.3 | 156 | 143.6 | 148 | ||
σb | 10.6 | 10.9 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 11.4 | 5.3 | 0.5 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | - | 85 | 50 | 82 | 96 | 72 | 92 | - | |
bmax | - | 175 | 132 | 116.5 | 118 | 149 | 141 | - | ||
bave | 106.9 | 118 | 86 | 100.5 | 110.8 | 96.2 | 116.5 | 128.9 | ||
σb | 5.5 | 19.1 | 13.1 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 13.9 | 7.4 | 0.7 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | - | 103 | 90 | 132 | 123 | 113 | 120 | - | |
bmax | - | 169 | 171 | 185 | 152 | 168 | 150 | - | ||
bave | 129 | 135.3 | 127.3 | 157.2 | 137.6 | 133.8 | 134.6 | 126.4 | ||
σb | 10.2 | 15.5 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 13.4 | 4.9 | 0.7 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | - | 71 | 70 | 90 | 96 | 90 | 94 | - | |
bmax | - | 159 | 142.5 | 125 | 126 | 160 | 171 | - | ||
bave | 105.6 | 111.2 | 106.4 | 110.1 | 109.2 | 113.1 | 113.9 | 110.9 | ||
σb | 6.5 | 19.4 | 12.3 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 18.2 | 9.3 | 0.6 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | - | 20 | 19 | 21.5 | 25 | 25.5 | 23 | - | |
bmax | - | 47 | 46.9 | 43 | 36 | 40 | 40 | - | ||
bave | 31.4 | 32.4 | 31 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 34.1 | 33.8 | 34.8 | ||
σb | 3 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | - | 70 | 51 | 79 | 81 | 76 | 53 | - | |
bmax | - | 115 | 116.1 | 114 | 98 | 104.5 | 103 | - | ||
bave | 92.5 | 94.9 | 95.2 | 93.8 | 90.8 | 89.3 | 90.4 | 87.2 | ||
σb | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 6 | 0.4 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | - | 25 | 23 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 20 | - | |
bmax | - | 55.3 | 56 | 43 | 45 | 46.1 | 38 | - | ||
bave | 33.4 | 35.4 | 35.2 | 35.5 | 32 | 37.4 | 31.8 | 34.9 | ||
σb | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 0.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | - | 34 | 31 | 39 | 39 | 42 | 31 | - | |
bmax | - | 67.5 | 77 | 60 | 58 | 68 | 56 | - | ||
bave | 44.6 | 52.7 | 51.9 | 50.3 | 47.7 | 54.9 | 44.2 | 48.3 | ||
σb | 4.4 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 0.3 | ||
女Female | 容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | - | 120 | 137 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 108 | - |
Hmax | - | 208 | 246 | 202.5 | 192 | 203.5 | 205 | - | ||
Have | 181.6 | 184.8 | 179.9 | 183 | 177.8 | 179.1 | 175.7 | 172.8 | ||
σH | 8.5 | 9.5 | 15.4 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 0.8 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | - | 93 | 81 | 100 | 98 | 103 | 68 | - | |
Hmax | - | 150 | 185 | 132 | 124 | 142 | 132 | - | ||
Have | 118.5 | 122.1 | 112.9 | 113.5 | 112 | 121.8 | 113.4 | 126.8 | ||
σH | 7.5 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 0.6 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | - | 38 | 32 | 39 | 39 | 50 | 39 | - | |
Hmax | - | 76 | 72 | 65 | 57 | 94 | 59 | - | ||
Have | 46 | 57.1 | 53.3 | 51.5 | 48.1 | 61.7 | 49.1 | 59.9 | ||
σH | 3.5 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 0.3 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | - | 50 | 40.2 | 52 | 54 | 42.5 | 46 | - | |
Lmax | - | 85 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 74.3 | 68 | - | ||
Lave | 60.6 | 65.5 | 59.1 | 65.6 | 65.3 | 63.4 | 59 | 62.8 | ||
σL | 4.7 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 4.6 | 0.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | - | 20 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 21 | 19 | - | |
bmax | - | 41 | 45 | 40 | 37 | 46.5 | 36 | - | ||
bave | 31.2 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 31.6 | 30.7 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 30.7 | ||
σb | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
表1 突厥语族人群头面部测量数据
Tab.1 Cephalo-facial anthropometric indices of Turkic-speaking populations (mm)
性别Gender | 指标Items | 维吾尔族Uygur | 哈萨克族Kazak | 南疆柯尔克孜族South Kirgiz | 北疆柯尔克孜族North Kirgiz | 乌孜别克族Uzbek | 塔塔尔族Tatar | 撒拉族Salar | 裕固族Yugur | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男 Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | - | 124 | 155 | 158 | 169 | 171 | 172 | - |
Lmax | - | 199 | 210.3 | 198.5 | 200 | 218.5 | 295 | - | ||
Lave | 181.3 | 177.5 | 181.7 | 185.1 | 183.3 | 189.1 | 190.4 | 190.4 | ||
σL | 8.8 | 12.1 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 10.6 | 12.3 | 0.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | - | 108 | 126 | 130 | 145 | 145 | 128 | - | |
bmax | - | 172 | 195 | 170 | 172 | 195 | 168 | - | ||
bave | 154.3 | 147.1 | 148.8 | 151.2 | 160 | 160.6 | 151.9 | 151 | ||
σb | 8.6 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 6 | 10.9 | 5.9 | 0.6 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | - | 87 | 62 | 90 | 101 | 73 | 101 | - | |
bmax | - | 187 | 129 | 120 | 127 | 142 | 146 | - | ||
bave | 111 | 123.3 | 91.8 | 103.6 | 115.3 | 101.8 | 118.6 | 131.2 | ||
σb | 6.1 | 18 | 12.7 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 0.6 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | - | 109 | 95 | 133 | 135 | 114 | 129 | - | |
bmax | - | 181 | 173 | 180 | 165 | 170 | 153 | - | ||
bave | 136.9 | 141.6 | 132.1 | 162.2 | 145.7 | 137.9 | 142.7 | 130.7 | ||
σb | 10.9 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 6 | 12 | 5.2 | 0.6 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | - | 70 | 71 | 98 | 102 | 92 | 100 | - | |
bmax | - | 162 | 142 | 138 | 135 | 142 | 199 | - | ||
bave | 114 | 118.4 | 113 | 117.3 | 116.6 | 115.5 | 120.9 | 115.1 | ||
σb | 8.7 | 19.9 | 12.2 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 0.6 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | - | 23 | 19.1 | 23 | 26 | 26 | 26 | - | |
bmax | - | 48 | 45.1 | 42 | 35 | 38.5 | 43 | - | ||
bave | 32.5 | 33.2 | 31.7 | 32.8 | 31.2 | 33 | 34.8 | 35.4 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 0.2 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | - | 71.5 | 63 | 82 | 84 | 77 | 65 | - | |
bmax | - | 119 | 119 | 112 | 102 | 108 | 108 | - | ||
bave | 95 | 98.3 | 98.2 | 96.8 | 94.2 | 93.2 | 93 | 90.8 | ||
σb | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 0.3 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | - | 30 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 31.4 | 23 | - | |
bmax | - | 59 | 61 | 48 | 42 | 70.5 | 45 | - | ||
bave | 36.3 | 38.5 | 39 | 38.5 | 34.9 | 40.6 | 35.7 | 37.4 | ||
σb | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 6 | 3 | 0.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | - | 41 | 31 | 44 | 40 | 40.4 | 35 | - | |
bmax | - | 72 | 90.2 | 65 | 61 | 72.5 | 57 | - | ||
bave | 48 | 55.8 | 56.6 | 53.5 | 51.4 | 58.2 | 47.7 | 50.1 | ||
σb | 4.5 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 6 | 4.1 | 0.3 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | - | 120 | 146 | 143 | 154 | 164.5 | 126 | - | |
Hmax | - | 216 | 243 | 207 | 201 | 215 | 220 | - | ||
Have | 192.9 | 191.6 | 187.6 | 186.2 | 187.4 | 190.3 | 190.9 | 185.1 | ||
σH | 9.1 | 11.1 | 15.6 | 10.4 | 9 | 11 | 11.8 | 0.9 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | - | 99 | 89 | 104 | 105 | 102.5 | 110 | - | |
Hmax | - | 152.5 | 188 | 135 | 138 | 153.5 | 188 | - | ||
Have | 128 | 128.7 | 121.9 | 119.4 | 121.7 | 132.2 | 124.1 | 135 | ||
σH | 7.3 | 10 | 10.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 0.7 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | - | 40 | 43 | 36 | 45 | 52 | 44 | - | |
Hmax | - | 80 | 78 | 67 | 62 | 91 | 65 | - | ||
男 Male | Have | 50.9 | 60 | 58.6 | 53.2 | 52.7 | 67.9 | 53.4 | 62.9 | |
σH | 3.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 0.4 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | - | 50 | 47 | 53 | 52 | 43 | 52 | - | |
Lmax | - | 82.5 | 88 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 95 | - | ||
Lave | 64.1 | 66.9 | 62.5 | 67.4 | 66.6 | 68.2 | 63.8 | 66 | ||
σL | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 0.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | - | 23 | 21 | 23 | 29 | 20 | 24 | - | |
bmax | - | 44 | 44 | 40 | 40 | 44.5 | 39 | - | ||
bave | 33.1 | 31.4 | 32.1 | 32.7 | 32.8 | 30.8 | 31.4 | 33.4 | ||
σb | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.2 | ||
女 Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | - | 133 | 131 | 154 | 155 | 160 | 160 | - |
Lmax | - | 195 | 210 | 195 | 180 | 210.5 | 197 | - | ||
Lave | 171.5 | 166.7 | 174.5 | 175.4 | 170.7 | 182.9 | 176.1 | 184.4 | ||
σL | 9.5 | 12.6 | 10 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 12.2 | 8 | 0.6 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | - | 102 | 122 | 130 | 140 | 135 | 133 | - | |
bmax | - | 172 | 184.2 | 158 | 160 | 190 | 159 | - | ||
bave | 146.7 | 141.1 | 144.1 | 145.7 | 152.3 | 156 | 143.6 | 148 | ||
σb | 10.6 | 10.9 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 11.4 | 5.3 | 0.5 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | - | 85 | 50 | 82 | 96 | 72 | 92 | - | |
bmax | - | 175 | 132 | 116.5 | 118 | 149 | 141 | - | ||
bave | 106.9 | 118 | 86 | 100.5 | 110.8 | 96.2 | 116.5 | 128.9 | ||
σb | 5.5 | 19.1 | 13.1 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 13.9 | 7.4 | 0.7 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | - | 103 | 90 | 132 | 123 | 113 | 120 | - | |
bmax | - | 169 | 171 | 185 | 152 | 168 | 150 | - | ||
bave | 129 | 135.3 | 127.3 | 157.2 | 137.6 | 133.8 | 134.6 | 126.4 | ||
σb | 10.2 | 15.5 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 13.4 | 4.9 | 0.7 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | - | 71 | 70 | 90 | 96 | 90 | 94 | - | |
bmax | - | 159 | 142.5 | 125 | 126 | 160 | 171 | - | ||
bave | 105.6 | 111.2 | 106.4 | 110.1 | 109.2 | 113.1 | 113.9 | 110.9 | ||
σb | 6.5 | 19.4 | 12.3 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 18.2 | 9.3 | 0.6 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | - | 20 | 19 | 21.5 | 25 | 25.5 | 23 | - | |
bmax | - | 47 | 46.9 | 43 | 36 | 40 | 40 | - | ||
bave | 31.4 | 32.4 | 31 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 34.1 | 33.8 | 34.8 | ||
σb | 3 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | - | 70 | 51 | 79 | 81 | 76 | 53 | - | |
bmax | - | 115 | 116.1 | 114 | 98 | 104.5 | 103 | - | ||
bave | 92.5 | 94.9 | 95.2 | 93.8 | 90.8 | 89.3 | 90.4 | 87.2 | ||
σb | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 6 | 0.4 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | - | 25 | 23 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 20 | - | |
bmax | - | 55.3 | 56 | 43 | 45 | 46.1 | 38 | - | ||
bave | 33.4 | 35.4 | 35.2 | 35.5 | 32 | 37.4 | 31.8 | 34.9 | ||
σb | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 0.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | - | 34 | 31 | 39 | 39 | 42 | 31 | - | |
bmax | - | 67.5 | 77 | 60 | 58 | 68 | 56 | - | ||
bave | 44.6 | 52.7 | 51.9 | 50.3 | 47.7 | 54.9 | 44.2 | 48.3 | ||
σb | 4.4 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 0.3 | ||
女Female | 容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | - | 120 | 137 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 108 | - |
Hmax | - | 208 | 246 | 202.5 | 192 | 203.5 | 205 | - | ||
Have | 181.6 | 184.8 | 179.9 | 183 | 177.8 | 179.1 | 175.7 | 172.8 | ||
σH | 8.5 | 9.5 | 15.4 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 0.8 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | - | 93 | 81 | 100 | 98 | 103 | 68 | - | |
Hmax | - | 150 | 185 | 132 | 124 | 142 | 132 | - | ||
Have | 118.5 | 122.1 | 112.9 | 113.5 | 112 | 121.8 | 113.4 | 126.8 | ||
σH | 7.5 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 0.6 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | - | 38 | 32 | 39 | 39 | 50 | 39 | - | |
Hmax | - | 76 | 72 | 65 | 57 | 94 | 59 | - | ||
Have | 46 | 57.1 | 53.3 | 51.5 | 48.1 | 61.7 | 49.1 | 59.9 | ||
σH | 3.5 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 0.3 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | - | 50 | 40.2 | 52 | 54 | 42.5 | 46 | - | |
Lmax | - | 85 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 74.3 | 68 | - | ||
Lave | 60.6 | 65.5 | 59.1 | 65.6 | 65.3 | 63.4 | 59 | 62.8 | ||
σL | 4.7 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 4.6 | 0.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | - | 20 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 21 | 19 | - | |
bmax | - | 41 | 45 | 40 | 37 | 46.5 | 36 | - | ||
bave | 31.2 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 31.6 | 30.7 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 30.7 | ||
σb | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
性别Gender | 指标Indices | 蒙古族Mongol | 内蒙古达斡尔族 Inner Mongolia Daur | 新疆达斡尔族Xinjiang Daur | 保安族Bonan | 东乡族Dongxiang | 土族Tu | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 170 | 157 | 162 | 160 | 174 | 175 |
Lmax | 208 | 215 | 210 | 202 | 204 | 213 | ||
Lave | 188.9 | 183.5 | 188.4 | 186.9 | 188.6 | 190.3 | ||
σL | 7.5 | 14.8 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.6 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 142 | 123 | 134.5 | 128 | 135 | 134 | |
bmax | 185 | 178 | 172 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ||
bave | 158.7 | 151.1 | 156.5 | 148.9 | 146.9 | 147.1 | ||
σb | 7.2 | 13.4 | 7.7 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 88 | 81.5 | 91.5 | 84 | 89 | 95 | |
bmax | 138 | 135 | 160 | 114 | 116 | 130 | ||
bave | 106.1 | 107.5 | 116.9 | 102 | 102.3 | 109.2 | ||
σb | 7.1 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.7 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 115 | 115 | 123 | 122 | 125 | 128 | |
bmax | 167 | 165 | 169 | 153 | 150 | 149 | ||
bave | 147.6 | 138.5 | 147.9 | 140.3 | 140.1 | 139 | ||
σb | 7.3 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 114 | 85 | 94 | 94 | 100 | 20 | |
bmax | 142 | 145 | 159 | 124 | 129 | 137 | ||
bave | 117.9 | 121.9 | 116.2 | 110.1 | 110.1 | 112.1 | ||
σb | 11.7 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 5.4 | 5 | 13.1 | ||
男Male | 眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 29 | 20 | 21 | 27 | 27 | 29 |
bmax | 75 | 43 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 43 | ||
bave | 35.6 | 30.1 | 31.7 | 33.3 | 34.4 | 36 | ||
σb | 5 | 5 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 42 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 81 | |
bmax | 107 | 114 | 109.9 | 97 | 97 | 103 | ||
bave | 87.1 | 95.1 | 92 | 86.4 | 87.7 | 93.4 | ||
σb | 7.2 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 32 | 31 | 35 | 30 | 16 | 30 | |
bmax | 52 | 48.2 | 49.2 | 41 | 43 | 46 | ||
bave | 39.6 | 38.5 | 40.5 | 35.4 | 36 | 36.6 | ||
σb | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.7 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 42 | 41 | 40.9 | 42 | 42 | 38 | |
bmax | 91 | 80 | 69.5 | 58 | 65 | 58 | ||
bave | 51.4 | 58.6 | 54.7 | 50.1 | 52.1 | 48.5 | ||
σb | 5.5 | 7.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.9 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic face) | Hmin | 176 | 175 | 157.3 | 170 | 171 | 172 | |
Hmax | 225 | 220 | 250 | 215 | 209 | 216 | ||
Have | 197.9 | 203.7 | 192.6 | 189.5 | 189.6 | 193.2 | ||
σH | 8.2 | 9.5 | 11 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 9.1 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 100 | 101 | 109 | 112 | 108 | 103 | |
Hmax | 146 | 145.5 | 168 | 144 | 148 | 188 | ||
Have | 121.2 | 120.9 | 136 | 128.6 | 128.7 | 124.6 | ||
σH | 7 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 9 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 39 | 35 | 56 | 44 | 32 | 39 | |
Hmax | 154 | 69 | 87.5 | 67 | 66 | 59 | ||
Have | 50.2 | 52 | 69.2 | 56.1 | 56.4 | 51.3 | ||
σH | 10.9 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.7 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 55 | 46 | 52 | 54 | 52 | 53 | |
Lmax | 92 | 83 | 85.5 | 76 | 77 | 96 | ||
Lave | 72 | 66 | 69.6 | 62.6 | 63.5 | 62.9 | ||
σL | 6.7 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 24 | |
bmax | 42 | 40 | 40.5 | 38 | 38 | 38 | ||
bave | 33.8 | 30.2 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 31.8 | 34.5 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | ||
女Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 164 | 158 | 161 | 164 | 169 | 171 |
Lmax | 193 | 214 | 209 | 192 | 193 | 202 | ||
Lave | 179.1 | 178.4 | 181.4 | 179.4 | 180.7 | 182.7 | ||
σL | 5.7 | 12 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 134 | 124 | 131.5 | 133 | 125 | 132 | |
bmax | 169 | 170 | 174 | 155 | 157 | 157 | ||
bave | 150.3 | 143.4 | 150.4 | 143.3 | 139.4 | 143.1 | ||
σb | 6 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 88 | 76 | 95 | 91 | 91 | 97 | |
bmax | 119 | 127 | 152.1 | 117 | 111 | 129 | ||
女Female | bave | 102.8 | 102 | 113.4 | 100.4 | 100.3 | 109.4 | |
σb | 5.8 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 11.1 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 128 | 107 | 120 | 119 | 122 | 125 | |
bmax | 154 | 163 | 164 | 148 | 145 | 147 | ||
bave | 138.6 | 130.9 | 141.5 | 134 | 132.9 | 134.1 | ||
σb | 5.4 | 12 | 10.1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 90 | 84 | 92 | 94 | 91 | 95 | |
bmax | 131 | 144.5 | 160 | 140 | 117 | 126 | ||
bave | 110.6 | 111.1 | 110.5 | 105.2 | 105 | 108.2 | ||
σb | 6.9 | 12.9 | 11.2 | 6 | 4.6 | 5.9 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 26 | 17 | 21 | 27 | 27 | 27 | |
bmax | 46 | 41.5 | 40.5 | 43 | 40 | 42 | ||
bave | 33.9 | 27.6 | 31.7 | 33.1 | 33.9 | 35.1 | ||
σb | 2.8 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 64 | 68 | 71.5 | 72 | 72 | 79 | |
bmax | 95 | 112 | 108 | 96 | 97 | 101 | ||
bave | 83 | 93.2 | 88.1 | 85.5 | 85.6 | 91.1 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 4 | 4.5 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose ) | bmin | 29 | 26 | 31 | 24 | 27 | 27 | |
bmax | 44 | 44.9 | 48 | 38 | 36 | 41 | ||
bave | 35.8 | 35.2 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 32.1 | 32.9 | ||
σb | 2.7 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 38 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 37 | 35 | |
bmax | 60 | 81 | 68 | 57 | 60 | 55 | ||
bave | 47.2 | 55.6 | 51 | 48.6 | 49.3 | 45.8 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 7 | 5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.3 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 159 | 172 | 160 | 151 | 159 | 158 | |
Hmax | 214 | 217 | 211.5 | 202 | 203 | 199 | ||
Have | 189.1 | 196.6 | 183.6 | 180.6 | 180.5 | 178.5 | ||
σH | 8.7 | 10.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.9 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 98 | 93 | 112 | 100 | 107 | 100 | |
Hmax | 130 | 140.5 | 162 | 133 | 142 | 131 | ||
Have | 114.2 | 113 | 128.5 | 120.7 | 120.8 | 113.7 | ||
σH | 6.5 | 10.1 | 8 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.1 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 37 | 32.9 | 41 | 43 | 42 | 39 | |
Hmax | 55 | 64.9 | 78 | 62 | 63 | 56 | ||
Have | 46.4 | 49.2 | 63.7 | 52 | 52.1 | 46.4 | ||
σH | 3.4 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.2 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 52 | 48 | 50 | 41 | 45 | 48 | |
Lmax | 85 | 82 | 84.5 | 67 | 67 | 70 | ||
Lave | 66.8 | 65.4 | 65.6 | 57.8 | 57 | 59.1 | ||
σL | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4 | 4.3 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 19 | |
bmax | 42 | 40.5 | 43 | 38 | 60 | 38 | ||
bave | 32.3 | 29.6 | 30.4 | 28.3 | 28.5 | 28.5 | ||
σb | 3.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 2.9 |
表2 蒙古语族人群头面部测量指标
Tab.2 Cephalo-facial anthropometric indices of Mongolic-speaking populations (mm)
性别Gender | 指标Indices | 蒙古族Mongol | 内蒙古达斡尔族 Inner Mongolia Daur | 新疆达斡尔族Xinjiang Daur | 保安族Bonan | 东乡族Dongxiang | 土族Tu | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 170 | 157 | 162 | 160 | 174 | 175 |
Lmax | 208 | 215 | 210 | 202 | 204 | 213 | ||
Lave | 188.9 | 183.5 | 188.4 | 186.9 | 188.6 | 190.3 | ||
σL | 7.5 | 14.8 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.6 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 142 | 123 | 134.5 | 128 | 135 | 134 | |
bmax | 185 | 178 | 172 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ||
bave | 158.7 | 151.1 | 156.5 | 148.9 | 146.9 | 147.1 | ||
σb | 7.2 | 13.4 | 7.7 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 88 | 81.5 | 91.5 | 84 | 89 | 95 | |
bmax | 138 | 135 | 160 | 114 | 116 | 130 | ||
bave | 106.1 | 107.5 | 116.9 | 102 | 102.3 | 109.2 | ||
σb | 7.1 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.7 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 115 | 115 | 123 | 122 | 125 | 128 | |
bmax | 167 | 165 | 169 | 153 | 150 | 149 | ||
bave | 147.6 | 138.5 | 147.9 | 140.3 | 140.1 | 139 | ||
σb | 7.3 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 114 | 85 | 94 | 94 | 100 | 20 | |
bmax | 142 | 145 | 159 | 124 | 129 | 137 | ||
bave | 117.9 | 121.9 | 116.2 | 110.1 | 110.1 | 112.1 | ||
σb | 11.7 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 5.4 | 5 | 13.1 | ||
男Male | 眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 29 | 20 | 21 | 27 | 27 | 29 |
bmax | 75 | 43 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 43 | ||
bave | 35.6 | 30.1 | 31.7 | 33.3 | 34.4 | 36 | ||
σb | 5 | 5 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 42 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 81 | |
bmax | 107 | 114 | 109.9 | 97 | 97 | 103 | ||
bave | 87.1 | 95.1 | 92 | 86.4 | 87.7 | 93.4 | ||
σb | 7.2 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 32 | 31 | 35 | 30 | 16 | 30 | |
bmax | 52 | 48.2 | 49.2 | 41 | 43 | 46 | ||
bave | 39.6 | 38.5 | 40.5 | 35.4 | 36 | 36.6 | ||
σb | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.7 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 42 | 41 | 40.9 | 42 | 42 | 38 | |
bmax | 91 | 80 | 69.5 | 58 | 65 | 58 | ||
bave | 51.4 | 58.6 | 54.7 | 50.1 | 52.1 | 48.5 | ||
σb | 5.5 | 7.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.9 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic face) | Hmin | 176 | 175 | 157.3 | 170 | 171 | 172 | |
Hmax | 225 | 220 | 250 | 215 | 209 | 216 | ||
Have | 197.9 | 203.7 | 192.6 | 189.5 | 189.6 | 193.2 | ||
σH | 8.2 | 9.5 | 11 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 9.1 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 100 | 101 | 109 | 112 | 108 | 103 | |
Hmax | 146 | 145.5 | 168 | 144 | 148 | 188 | ||
Have | 121.2 | 120.9 | 136 | 128.6 | 128.7 | 124.6 | ||
σH | 7 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 9 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 39 | 35 | 56 | 44 | 32 | 39 | |
Hmax | 154 | 69 | 87.5 | 67 | 66 | 59 | ||
Have | 50.2 | 52 | 69.2 | 56.1 | 56.4 | 51.3 | ||
σH | 10.9 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.7 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 55 | 46 | 52 | 54 | 52 | 53 | |
Lmax | 92 | 83 | 85.5 | 76 | 77 | 96 | ||
Lave | 72 | 66 | 69.6 | 62.6 | 63.5 | 62.9 | ||
σL | 6.7 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 24 | |
bmax | 42 | 40 | 40.5 | 38 | 38 | 38 | ||
bave | 33.8 | 30.2 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 31.8 | 34.5 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | ||
女Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 164 | 158 | 161 | 164 | 169 | 171 |
Lmax | 193 | 214 | 209 | 192 | 193 | 202 | ||
Lave | 179.1 | 178.4 | 181.4 | 179.4 | 180.7 | 182.7 | ||
σL | 5.7 | 12 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 134 | 124 | 131.5 | 133 | 125 | 132 | |
bmax | 169 | 170 | 174 | 155 | 157 | 157 | ||
bave | 150.3 | 143.4 | 150.4 | 143.3 | 139.4 | 143.1 | ||
σb | 6 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 88 | 76 | 95 | 91 | 91 | 97 | |
bmax | 119 | 127 | 152.1 | 117 | 111 | 129 | ||
女Female | bave | 102.8 | 102 | 113.4 | 100.4 | 100.3 | 109.4 | |
σb | 5.8 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 11.1 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 128 | 107 | 120 | 119 | 122 | 125 | |
bmax | 154 | 163 | 164 | 148 | 145 | 147 | ||
bave | 138.6 | 130.9 | 141.5 | 134 | 132.9 | 134.1 | ||
σb | 5.4 | 12 | 10.1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 90 | 84 | 92 | 94 | 91 | 95 | |
bmax | 131 | 144.5 | 160 | 140 | 117 | 126 | ||
bave | 110.6 | 111.1 | 110.5 | 105.2 | 105 | 108.2 | ||
σb | 6.9 | 12.9 | 11.2 | 6 | 4.6 | 5.9 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 26 | 17 | 21 | 27 | 27 | 27 | |
bmax | 46 | 41.5 | 40.5 | 43 | 40 | 42 | ||
bave | 33.9 | 27.6 | 31.7 | 33.1 | 33.9 | 35.1 | ||
σb | 2.8 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 64 | 68 | 71.5 | 72 | 72 | 79 | |
bmax | 95 | 112 | 108 | 96 | 97 | 101 | ||
bave | 83 | 93.2 | 88.1 | 85.5 | 85.6 | 91.1 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 4 | 4.5 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose ) | bmin | 29 | 26 | 31 | 24 | 27 | 27 | |
bmax | 44 | 44.9 | 48 | 38 | 36 | 41 | ||
bave | 35.8 | 35.2 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 32.1 | 32.9 | ||
σb | 2.7 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 38 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 37 | 35 | |
bmax | 60 | 81 | 68 | 57 | 60 | 55 | ||
bave | 47.2 | 55.6 | 51 | 48.6 | 49.3 | 45.8 | ||
σb | 3.6 | 7 | 5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.3 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 159 | 172 | 160 | 151 | 159 | 158 | |
Hmax | 214 | 217 | 211.5 | 202 | 203 | 199 | ||
Have | 189.1 | 196.6 | 183.6 | 180.6 | 180.5 | 178.5 | ||
σH | 8.7 | 10.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.9 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 98 | 93 | 112 | 100 | 107 | 100 | |
Hmax | 130 | 140.5 | 162 | 133 | 142 | 131 | ||
Have | 114.2 | 113 | 128.5 | 120.7 | 120.8 | 113.7 | ||
σH | 6.5 | 10.1 | 8 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.1 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 37 | 32.9 | 41 | 43 | 42 | 39 | |
Hmax | 55 | 64.9 | 78 | 62 | 63 | 56 | ||
Have | 46.4 | 49.2 | 63.7 | 52 | 52.1 | 46.4 | ||
σH | 3.4 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.2 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 52 | 48 | 50 | 41 | 45 | 48 | |
Lmax | 85 | 82 | 84.5 | 67 | 67 | 70 | ||
Lave | 66.8 | 65.4 | 65.6 | 57.8 | 57 | 59.1 | ||
σL | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4 | 4.3 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 19 | |
bmax | 42 | 40.5 | 43 | 38 | 60 | 38 | ||
bave | 32.3 | 29.6 | 30.4 | 28.3 | 28.5 | 28.5 | ||
σb | 3.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 2.9 |
图2 蒙古语族人群结构 A、B.内蒙古、新疆达斡尔族人群头面部表型特征主成分分析(男、女)The results of principal component analysis based on cephalo-facial anthropometric indices of the Daur population in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang (Male, Female);C、D.蒙古语族人群结构(男、女)Population structure of Mongolic-speaking populations (Male, Female)
Fig.2 Population structure of Mongolic-speaking populations
性别Gender | 指标Indices | 满族Man | 锡伯族Xibe | 鄂伦春族Oroqen | 赫哲族Hezhen | 鄂温克族Ewenki | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 160 | 164 | 172.8 | 167 | 157 |
Lmax | 204 | 220.2 | 198 | 187.2 | 209.5 | ||
Lave | 181.3 | 184.5 | 185.2 | 178.4 | 191.6 | ||
σL | 8.6 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 10.4 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 142.3 | 144.5 | 142 | 131.5 | 138 | |
bmax | 174.5 | 179 | 165.5 | 167.1 | 183.5 | ||
bave | 159.1 | 160.6 | 155.3 | 151.3 | 168 | ||
σb | 6.7 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 84.2 | 101.5 | 100 | 108.7 | 90 | |
bmax | 135 | 154.2 | 138.5 | 138 | 146.9 | ||
bave | 112.5 | 119.8 | 120.4 | 124.3 | 121.8 | ||
σb | 9.8 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 10.5 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 108.5 | 129 | 115 | 113.6 | 110 | |
bmax | 174 | 171.9 | 148.5 | 148.5 | 168 | ||
bave | 136.6 | 147.7 | 135.1 | 135.1 | 145.8 | ||
σb | 11.7 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 11.5 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 65 | 104 | 96 | 101 | 103 | |
bmax | 133.9 | 167 | 140 | 134.2 | 145 | ||
bave | 103.9 | 117.6 | 118.6 | 113.5 | 124 | ||
σb | 14.5 | 10.5 | 10 | 7.6 | 8.3 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 24.2 | 30.5 | 26 | 27.9 | 31.9 | |
bmax | 46 | 43.2 | 43 | 43.2 | 54.5 | ||
bave | 36.5 | 35.5 | 35.5 | 33.7 | 44.7 | ||
σb | 3.8 | 3 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 78 | 87.9 | 86 | 80.1 | 76 | |
bmax | 109.5 | 130.9 | 108.5 | 115 | 112.5 | ||
bave | 94.9 | 103.1 | 96.1 | 94.5 | 92.3 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 8.2 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 33.5 | 30.7 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 41.2 | |
bmax | 47 | 46.9 | 47 | 43.2 | 56.1 | ||
bave | 39.4 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 36.3 | 48.6 | ||
σb | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 36.1 | 37.8 | 42.5 | 43 | 43.5 | |
bmax | 69 | 62.8 | 59.5 | 57.5 | 79.5 | ||
bave | 54.8 | 52.9 | 51.5 | 51.2 | 61.9 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 5.1 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 167.5 | 178.5 | 166.8 | 165.9 | 174 | |
Hmax | 214 | 255.8 | 208 | 203 | 223 | ||
Have | 191.1 | 198.7 | 191.1 | 184.1 | 200.4 | ||
σH | 9.9 | 14.1 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 107.2 | 112.9 | 108 | 103.1 | 111 | |
Hmax | 150 | 182.9 | 144.5 | 133 | 163 | ||
Have | 132.1 | 133.3 | 124.2 | 120.1 | 135.5 | ||
σH | 8.5 | 11 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 10.8 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 46.2 | 46.9 | 44 | 41.9 | 44.2 | |
Hmax | 78.1 | 70.6 | 65 | 59.8 | 79.5 | ||
Have | 61.4 | 58.4 | 55.2 | 51.4 | 63.5 | ||
男Male | σH | 6.6 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | |
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 51 | 54.5 | 57.8 | 53.1 | 55.5 | |
Lmax | 80 | 83.5 | 79.5 | 73.7 | 88.3 | ||
Lave | 62.9 | 67.4 | 67 | 63.1 | 75.9 | ||
σL | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.7 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 22.3 | 18.9 | 27 | 21.7 | 34 | |
bmax | 40.5 | 40.1 | 39 | 35.9 | 52 | ||
bave | 32.8 | 29.8 | 33.2 | 30.5 | 43.7 | ||
σb | 3.3 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.3 | ||
女Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 145 | 155 | 162 | 160.2 | 156 |
Lmax | 205.7 | 189.1 | 193 | 185.6 | 196.5 | ||
Lave | 176.2 | 175.3 | 178.2 | 170.9 | 182.9 | ||
σL | 8.7 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 8.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 140 | 134.9 | 141 | 141.7 | 130 | |
bmax | 175 | 168 | 163 | 159 | 177.9 | ||
bave | 156.3 | 153.2 | 152.1 | 147.3 | 159.2 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 9.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 80 | 88 | 97.5 | 106.9 | 90 | |
bmax | 135 | 137 | 135 | 137 | 146.2 | ||
bave | 104.1 | 113 | 113.5 | 118.9 | 115.9 | ||
σb | 9.1 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 10.5 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 107.5 | 115.5 | 112 | 113.5 | 108.5 | |
bmax | 173.5 | 153.8 | 147.6 | 147.6 | 163 | ||
bave | 127.5 | 140.7 | 128.9 | 127.4 | 137.4 | ||
σb | 9.5 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 12 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 61.5 | 104 | 95 | 94.5 | 101 | |
bmax | 133.5 | 167 | 143 | 135.5 | 147.5 | ||
bave | 99.1 | 117.6 | 115.9 | 109.9 | 120.7 | ||
σb | 14 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular ) | bmin | 25.8 | 29.3 | 28 | 28.2 | 30 | |
bmax | 46 | 42.7 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 52.1 | ||
bave | 34 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 35.1 | 41.6 | ||
σb | 4 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.4 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 72 | 89 | 82.5 | 85 | 71.1 | |
bmax | 108.5 | 130.6 | 109 | 115.6 | 110 | ||
bave | 90.9 | 100.6 | 93.1 | 97.2 | 89.1 | ||
σb | 6 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 7.9 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 30.1 | 30.1 | 30 | 27 | 36 | |
bmax | 47.5 | 40.8 | 45 | 43.7 | 52 | ||
bave | 36.5 | 35.4 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 45 | ||
σb | 2.9 | 2.4 | 3 | 3.7 | 3.4 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 30 | 37.8 | 40.5 | 42 | 45 | |
bmax | 67.5 | 59.5 | 56.5 | 55.6 | 76.5 | ||
bave | 45.7 | 48.7 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 59.9 | ||
σb | 5.3 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 5.6 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 155 | 164 | 162 | 161.1 | 171 | |
Hmax | 202.5 | 247.5 | 208 | 201.3 | 220 | ||
女Female | Have | 179.5 | 185.6 | 184.8 | 180.5 | 195.8 | |
σH | 8.5 | 11 | 9.9 | 8 | 10.7 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 102.1 | 99.5 | 102.5 | 102.7 | 106 | |
Hmax | 148 | 136 | 138.2 | 129.8 | 159 | ||
Have | 125.5 | 121.7 | 120.3 | 113.4 | 127.6 | ||
σH | 8.4 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 7 | 11.9 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 41.2 | 40.5 | 42 | 40 | 45 | |
Hmax | 79 | 63.9 | 64 | 58 | 77.9 | ||
Have | 58.7 | 53.8 | 51.8 | 48.5 | 59.3 | ||
σH | 7.8 | 5 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 6.5 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 48.9 | 52 | 54 | 53.2 | 56.5 | |
Lmax | 79 | 78.8 | 78 | 71.2 | 86 | ||
Lave | 61.5 | 65.5 | 64.2 | 60.2 | 74.4 | ||
σL | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 23 | 20 | 22 | 23.8 | 32 | |
bmax | 40.5 | 40.8 | 38 | 36.4 | 50 | ||
bave | 31.7 | 28.9 | 31.1 | 29 | 42.3 | ||
σb | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
表3 通古斯语族人群头面部测量指标
Tab.3 Cephalo-facial anthropometric indices of Tungusic-speaking populations (mm)
性别Gender | 指标Indices | 满族Man | 锡伯族Xibe | 鄂伦春族Oroqen | 赫哲族Hezhen | 鄂温克族Ewenki | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男Male | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 160 | 164 | 172.8 | 167 | 157 |
Lmax | 204 | 220.2 | 198 | 187.2 | 209.5 | ||
Lave | 181.3 | 184.5 | 185.2 | 178.4 | 191.6 | ||
σL | 8.6 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 10.4 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 142.3 | 144.5 | 142 | 131.5 | 138 | |
bmax | 174.5 | 179 | 165.5 | 167.1 | 183.5 | ||
bave | 159.1 | 160.6 | 155.3 | 151.3 | 168 | ||
σb | 6.7 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 84.2 | 101.5 | 100 | 108.7 | 90 | |
bmax | 135 | 154.2 | 138.5 | 138 | 146.9 | ||
bave | 112.5 | 119.8 | 120.4 | 124.3 | 121.8 | ||
σb | 9.8 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 10.5 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 108.5 | 129 | 115 | 113.6 | 110 | |
bmax | 174 | 171.9 | 148.5 | 148.5 | 168 | ||
bave | 136.6 | 147.7 | 135.1 | 135.1 | 145.8 | ||
σb | 11.7 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 11.5 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 65 | 104 | 96 | 101 | 103 | |
bmax | 133.9 | 167 | 140 | 134.2 | 145 | ||
bave | 103.9 | 117.6 | 118.6 | 113.5 | 124 | ||
σb | 14.5 | 10.5 | 10 | 7.6 | 8.3 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular) | bmin | 24.2 | 30.5 | 26 | 27.9 | 31.9 | |
bmax | 46 | 43.2 | 43 | 43.2 | 54.5 | ||
bave | 36.5 | 35.5 | 35.5 | 33.7 | 44.7 | ||
σb | 3.8 | 3 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 78 | 87.9 | 86 | 80.1 | 76 | |
bmax | 109.5 | 130.9 | 108.5 | 115 | 112.5 | ||
bave | 94.9 | 103.1 | 96.1 | 94.5 | 92.3 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 8.2 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 33.5 | 30.7 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 41.2 | |
bmax | 47 | 46.9 | 47 | 43.2 | 56.1 | ||
bave | 39.4 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 36.3 | 48.6 | ||
σb | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.2 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 36.1 | 37.8 | 42.5 | 43 | 43.5 | |
bmax | 69 | 62.8 | 59.5 | 57.5 | 79.5 | ||
bave | 54.8 | 52.9 | 51.5 | 51.2 | 61.9 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 5.1 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 167.5 | 178.5 | 166.8 | 165.9 | 174 | |
Hmax | 214 | 255.8 | 208 | 203 | 223 | ||
Have | 191.1 | 198.7 | 191.1 | 184.1 | 200.4 | ||
σH | 9.9 | 14.1 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 107.2 | 112.9 | 108 | 103.1 | 111 | |
Hmax | 150 | 182.9 | 144.5 | 133 | 163 | ||
Have | 132.1 | 133.3 | 124.2 | 120.1 | 135.5 | ||
σH | 8.5 | 11 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 10.8 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 46.2 | 46.9 | 44 | 41.9 | 44.2 | |
Hmax | 78.1 | 70.6 | 65 | 59.8 | 79.5 | ||
Have | 61.4 | 58.4 | 55.2 | 51.4 | 63.5 | ||
男Male | σH | 6.6 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | |
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 51 | 54.5 | 57.8 | 53.1 | 55.5 | |
Lmax | 80 | 83.5 | 79.5 | 73.7 | 88.3 | ||
Lave | 62.9 | 67.4 | 67 | 63.1 | 75.9 | ||
σL | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.7 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 22.3 | 18.9 | 27 | 21.7 | 34 | |
bmax | 40.5 | 40.1 | 39 | 35.9 | 52 | ||
bave | 32.8 | 29.8 | 33.2 | 30.5 | 43.7 | ||
σb | 3.3 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.3 | ||
女Female | 头长L(Head) | Lmin | 145 | 155 | 162 | 160.2 | 156 |
Lmax | 205.7 | 189.1 | 193 | 185.6 | 196.5 | ||
Lave | 176.2 | 175.3 | 178.2 | 170.9 | 182.9 | ||
σL | 8.7 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 8.8 | ||
头宽b(Head) | bmin | 140 | 134.9 | 141 | 141.7 | 130 | |
bmax | 175 | 168 | 163 | 159 | 177.9 | ||
bave | 156.3 | 153.2 | 152.1 | 147.3 | 159.2 | ||
σb | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 9.9 | ||
额最小宽bmin(Forehead) | bmin | 80 | 88 | 97.5 | 106.9 | 90 | |
bmax | 135 | 137 | 135 | 137 | 146.2 | ||
bave | 104.1 | 113 | 113.5 | 118.9 | 115.9 | ||
σb | 9.1 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 10.5 | ||
面宽b(Face) | bmin | 107.5 | 115.5 | 112 | 113.5 | 108.5 | |
bmax | 173.5 | 153.8 | 147.6 | 147.6 | 163 | ||
bave | 127.5 | 140.7 | 128.9 | 127.4 | 137.4 | ||
σb | 9.5 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 12 | ||
下颌角间宽b(Bigonial) | bmin | 61.5 | 104 | 95 | 94.5 | 101 | |
bmax | 133.5 | 167 | 143 | 135.5 | 147.5 | ||
bave | 99.1 | 117.6 | 115.9 | 109.9 | 120.7 | ||
σb | 14 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | ||
眼内角宽b(Interocular ) | bmin | 25.8 | 29.3 | 28 | 28.2 | 30 | |
bmax | 46 | 42.7 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 52.1 | ||
bave | 34 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 35.1 | 41.6 | ||
σb | 4 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.4 | ||
眼外角宽b(External Biocular) | bmin | 72 | 89 | 82.5 | 85 | 71.1 | |
bmax | 108.5 | 130.6 | 109 | 115.6 | 110 | ||
bave | 90.9 | 100.6 | 93.1 | 97.2 | 89.1 | ||
σb | 6 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 7.9 | ||
鼻宽b(Nose) | bmin | 30.1 | 30.1 | 30 | 27 | 36 | |
bmax | 47.5 | 40.8 | 45 | 43.7 | 52 | ||
bave | 36.5 | 35.4 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 45 | ||
σb | 2.9 | 2.4 | 3 | 3.7 | 3.4 | ||
口宽b(Mouth) | bmin | 30 | 37.8 | 40.5 | 42 | 45 | |
bmax | 67.5 | 59.5 | 56.5 | 55.6 | 76.5 | ||
bave | 45.7 | 48.7 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 59.9 | ||
σb | 5.3 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 5.6 | ||
容貌面高H(Physiognomic Face) | Hmin | 155 | 164 | 162 | 161.1 | 171 | |
Hmax | 202.5 | 247.5 | 208 | 201.3 | 220 | ||
女Female | Have | 179.5 | 185.6 | 184.8 | 180.5 | 195.8 | |
σH | 8.5 | 11 | 9.9 | 8 | 10.7 | ||
形态面高H(Morphological Face) | Hmin | 102.1 | 99.5 | 102.5 | 102.7 | 106 | |
Hmax | 148 | 136 | 138.2 | 129.8 | 159 | ||
Have | 125.5 | 121.7 | 120.3 | 113.4 | 127.6 | ||
σH | 8.4 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 7 | 11.9 | ||
鼻高H(Nose) | Hmin | 41.2 | 40.5 | 42 | 40 | 45 | |
Hmax | 79 | 63.9 | 64 | 58 | 77.9 | ||
Have | 58.7 | 53.8 | 51.8 | 48.5 | 59.3 | ||
σH | 7.8 | 5 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 6.5 | ||
耳长L(Ear) | Lmin | 48.9 | 52 | 54 | 53.2 | 56.5 | |
Lmax | 79 | 78.8 | 78 | 71.2 | 86 | ||
Lave | 61.5 | 65.5 | 64.2 | 60.2 | 74.4 | ||
σL | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.4 | ||
耳宽b(Ear) | bmin | 23 | 20 | 22 | 23.8 | 32 | |
bmax | 40.5 | 40.8 | 38 | 36.4 | 50 | ||
bave | 31.7 | 28.9 | 31.1 | 29 | 42.3 | ||
σb | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
图5 阿尔泰语系人群头面部表型特征与地理位置的相关性
Fig.5 The correlation between cephalo-facial anthropometric indices and geographical location in Altaic-speaking populations
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