泾河中、下游2020年旧石器考古调查简报

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探索古豳地的历史文化渊源，西北大学文化遗产学院在泾河流域陕西段开展旧石器考古调查。2020年10月，在长武、礼泉、泾阳三县新发现15处地点，获得石制品298件。这些地点集中分布于泾河右岸第四级阶地上部，石制品原料以优质石英岩为主，来源主要产自河流阶地底部的砾石层，石制品表面普遍有一层黄土钙质结核层。石制品类型包括石核、石片和刮削器等，文化面貌总体上属于中国北方地区石片石器工业。调查发现的向心剥片石核、加工精致的刮削器及对称性较高的盘状石核等，显示石器技术具有一定的进步性。石制品主要埋藏于马兰黄土层中MIS 3沉积阶段，对应末次冰期中气候相对湿润的阶段，初步推测早期人类在泾河中、下游生存活动的时代不晚于晚更新世。

关键词: 考古学, 石制品, 晚更新世

Abstract:

In October 2020, an investigation along the Jinghe River valley in Shaanxi Province was carried out by the School of Cultural Heritage at Northwest University. A total of 15 localities were newly discovered in Changwu, Liquan and Jingyang counties. Almost 300 stone artifacts were buried in the 4th terrace of the right bank of the Jinghe River with some artifacts also surface collected. Raw materials were procured from gravels at the bottom of this terrace. High quality quartzite dominates the raw material. Almost all surface lithics were covered by a thin calcareous concretion. Most stone artifacts were manufactured by free hand hammer percussion, followed by bipolar technique. Technologically, the stone artifacts can be classified into cores, flakes and scrapers, etc. The lithic assemblage is assigned to the flake tool industry of North China, while centripetal exploitation cores, deeply modified scrapers and a high degree symmetry discoid show obvious advanced flaking technique. Judging from the artifacts buried in the Malan Loess (corresponding to MIS 3), the age of this early human occupation from the middle to lower reaches of the Jinghe River is no later than Late Pleistocene.

Key words: Archaeology, Lithics, Late Pleistocene

中图分类号:

K871.11

战世佳, 董哲, 钱耀鹏. 泾河中、下游2020年旧石器考古调查简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(05): 679-686.

ZHAN Shijia, DONG Zhe, QIAN Yaopeng. A preliminary report of the 2020 Paleolithic survey of the middle to lower reaches of the Jinghe River[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(05): 679-686.

图/表 4

图1 泾河中、下游近年新发现旧石器地点地理位置示意图 1.车家河村Chejiahecun; 2.尧头沟Yaotougou; 3.杨家沟Yangjiagou; 4.西庄Xizhuang; 5.邱渠Qiuqu; 6.贾家窑Jiajiayao; 7.傅家Fujia; 8.修石渡Xiushidu; 9.余家堡Yujiabao; 10.高坡Gaopo; 11.宋家坡Songjiapo; 12.东页沟Dongyegou; 13.王坪村Wangpingcun; 14.下黄家Xiahuangjia; 15.西圪瘩Xigeda; 16.加咀2号Jiazui 2; 17.加咀Jiazui; 18.湾里Wanli; 19.石坡村Shipocun; 20.郭家村Guojiacun; 21.蔡家堡Caijiabao; 22.北屯Beitun; 23.寺背后Sibeihou; 24.沿河Yanhe; 25.小屯Xiaotun; 26.崖底高 Yadigao; 27.崖底王Yadiwang; 28.烽火瓦岗寨Fenghuowagangzhai; 29.东西沟Dongxigou; 30.塬上Yuanshang; 31.下河Xiahe; 32.老坡头Laopotou

Fig.1 Geographic location of newly discovered Paleolithic localities at the middle to lower reaches of the Jinghe River in recent years

表1 调查新发现旧石器地点信息

Tab.1 A summary of newly discovered Paleolithic localities

地点Locality	标本名Name.	地点坐标Coordinate	海拔Altitude(m)	地理位置Location	石制品Stone artifacts(n)
西庄Xizhuang	20CWXZ	35°09′56″N, 107°51′38″E	1094	长武县西庄村附近砖厂	1
北屯Beitun	20LQBT	34°36′21″N, 108°35′58″E	477	礼泉县北屯育苗幼儿园以北200m	4
石坡村Shipocun	20LQSPC	34°37′02″N, 108°35′19″E	507	礼泉县石坡村	2
王坪村Wangpingcun	20LQWPC	34°37′50″N, 108°34′14″E	583	礼泉县王坪村	63
下黄家Xiahuangjia	20LQXHJ	34°38′11″N, 108°34′22″E	588	礼泉县下黄家村	27
湾里Wanli	20LQWL	34°37′36″N, 108°35′29″E	446	礼泉县湾里村以南约250m	21
加咀Jiazui	20LQJZ	34°37′40″N, 108°34′59″E	473	礼泉县加咀村	81
加咀2号Jiazui 2	20LQJZ2	34°37′54″N, 108°34′54″E	463	礼泉县加咀村	59
宋家坡Songjiapo	20LQSJP	34°36′43″N, 108°32′18″E	502	礼泉县宋家坡公路旁	11
高坡Gaopo	20LQGP	34°36′53″N, 108°32′06″E	539	礼泉县高坡村东侧	7
东页沟Dongyegou	20LQDYG	34°37′18″N, 108°33′50″E	493	礼泉县东页沟村西北约500m	3
郭家村Guojiacun	20JYGJC	34°38′19″N, 108°39′09″E	516	泾阳县郭家村以西	3
寺背后Sibeihou	20JYSBH	34°35′46″N, 108°36′09″E	411	泾阳县寺背后村以北关中环线旁	4
蔡家堡Caijiabu	20JYCJB	34°39′50″N, 108°43′48″E	552	泾阳县蔡家堡村西北约200m	1
西圪瘩Xigeda	20JYXGD	34°38′45″N, 108°35′13″E	511	泾阳县西圪瘩村东南约200m	11

图2 泾河中、下游2020年野外调查发现的典型石核、石器工具 1. 20LQSJP-2，刮削器Scrapers；2. 20LQJZ2-40，刮削器Scrapers；3. 20LQWPC-12，刮削器Scrapers；4. 20LQJZ-31，砍砸器石核Chopper cores；5. 20LQJZ2-24，砍砸器石核Chopper cores；6. 20LQJZ-42，向心剥片石核Centripetal exploitation cores；7. 20LQWPC-21，盘状石核Discoid；8. 20LQJZ-30，向心剥片石核Centripetal exploitation cores

Fig.2 Typical cores and tools collected at the middle to lower reaches of the Jinghe River in 2020

图3 泾河中、下游2020年野外调查发现的典型石片

Fig.3 Typical flakes collected at the middle to lower reaches of the Jinghe River in 2020 1. 20LQWPC-41, Type III; 2. 20LQJZ2-15, Type III; 3. 20LQJZ-80, Type III; 4. 20LQJZ2-14, Type III; 5. 20LQJZ-70, Type VI;6. 20LQJZ2-29, Type III; 7. 20LQWL-4, Type V; 8. 0LQWPC-14, Type V;

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