人类牙釉质同位素研究的进展与展望

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文详细论述了人类牙釉质同位素研究涉及的重要理论方法问题。首先，梳理了人类牙釉质的生长发育机制、主要化学组成及抵抗成岩作用的优越性。其次，回顾和评述了牙釉质多同位素方法对于人类生活史、居住史及健康史三大科学主题的研究现状。最后，强调了在新时代中国特色考古学理论体系建设的大背景下，快速发展牙釉质多同位素研究的迫切性，并结合国际生物考古学界已有的研究经验和不足，对中国今后如何开展此项研究进行了展望。

关键词: 牙釉质, 同位素, 生长发育, 化学组成, 成岩作用

Abstract:

This paper meticulously addresses the significant theoretical and methodological aspects involved in isotopic investigations of human tooth enamel. Firstly, it systematically organizes the growth and development mechanism, principal chemical composition, and the efficacy of human tooth enamel in withstanding diagenesis. Emphasis is placed on the inherent advantages that have rendered it the primary target for hydroxyapatite isotope analyses and studies within the current bioarchaeological realm. Secondly, a vast array of research topics centered around the multi-isotope analysis of elements such as oxygen (δ¹⁸O), carbon (δ¹³C), strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), zinc (δ⁶⁶Zn), magnesium (δ²⁶Mg), calcium (δ^44/42Ca), and lead (Pb) in human enamel are distilled and consolidated into three scientific themes: human life history, habitation, and health. Additionally, the current status of each of these research areas is comprehensively reviewed. Finally, within the framework of constructing the theoretical system of archaeology with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the exigency of the swift advancement of multi-isotope research on tooth enamel is underscored. In light of the existing research experiences and deficiencies in the international bioarchaeology community, future research in China is anticipated to progress from the vantage points of innovating experimental sampling strategies and research methodologies, accurately discerning the merits and demerits of diverse mass spectrometry techniques, broadening the depth and scope of research topics, and delving deeply into the cooperative interactions between isotopes and different human body tissues.

Key words: enamel, multi-isotope, growth and development, chemical constitution, diagenesis

中图分类号:

Q983.8

雷帅. 人类牙釉质同位素研究的进展与展望[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(01): 165-180.

LEI Shuai. Progress and perspectives of the isotope research of human tooth enamel[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(01): 165-180.

图/表 1

图1 成釉细胞的分化模式和牙釉质增量条纹 A.修改自文献[9⇓-11]/modified from reference [9⇓-11]，图中数字按时间顺序从早到晚依次表示成釉细胞分泌和成熟过程中的不同点位Numbers in the figure indicate, in chronological order from early to late, the different points in the secretion and maturation process of enamel-forming cells。B. 超景深电子显微镜 (KEYENCEVHX-2000)下牙釉质表面的釉面横纹(Perikymata)/Enamel transverse striations (Perikymata) of the enamel surface under an ultra-deep field electron microscope (KEYENCEVHX-2000)；C.牙釉质切面上的长周期增量条纹（Retzius)，延伸到牙釉质表面又称釉面横纹(Perikymata)/ Long-period incremental streaks in enamel sections (Retzius) extend to the surface of the enamel, also known as transverse enamel lines (Perikymata)

Fig.1 Patterns of enamel-forming cell differentiation, and incremental streaking of tooth enamel

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