河南渑池笃忠遗址灰坑葬人群的来源

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0012

人类学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (01): 59-73.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0012cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0012

河南渑池笃忠遗址灰坑葬人群的来源

周立刚¹(), 武志江², 孙蕾², 杜月³, 韩炜炜⁴, 吴晓桐³()

1.郑州大学考古与文化遗产学院，郑州 450001
2.河南省文物考古研究院，郑州 450000
3.中国人民大学历史学院，北京 100872
4.郑州市大河村考古遗址公园，郑州 450054

收稿日期:2024-06-25 接受日期:2024-09-29 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: 吴晓桐，讲师，主要研究方向为锶同位素考古。E-mail: wuxiaotong2022@ruc.edu.cn
作者简介:周立刚，教授，主要研究方向为战国秦汉考古、稳定同位素考古。E-mail: leag3210@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“文化科技与现代服务业”项目(2022YFF0903503);国家社科基金青年项目“中原地区新石器时代晚期人群迁徙的多种同位素研究”(22CKG025)

Origin of the ash-pit burial people at the Duzhong site in Mianchi, Henan

ZHOU Ligang¹(), WU Zhijiang², SUN Lei², DU Yue³, HAN Weiwei⁴, WU Xiaotong³()

1. School of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001
2. Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000
3. School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
4. Dahecun Archaeological Site Park, Zhengzhou 450054

Received:2024-06-25 Accepted:2024-09-29 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究仰韶晚期灰坑葬人群的来源及相互关系，本文对河南省渑池县笃忠遗址4个灰坑中15具人骨个体开展了多种同位素分析。碳氮同位素分析结果表明，笃忠遗址绝大部分个体以粟为主粮，多名个体从幼年到成年的食谱特征经历了不同趋势的变化。锶氧同位素分析结果显示，绝大部分男性个体幼年都不在本地生活，其来源地可能在遗址东部的平原地区或者更东部的近海地区，这与颅骨形态特征和拔牙习俗所反映的文化因素来源方向是吻合的。多人合葬的单位同时包括有本地个体和异地迁入个体；同单位所葬的外地迁入个体中，有一部分具有相同的食谱特征和迁徙轨迹，暗示他们之间存在某种密切关系，可能同属于某种性质的社会组织单元。本研究结果为研究仰韶晚期灰坑葬性质及中原与东部地区文化交流等问题提供了重要线索，同时也充分体现了多种同位素综合分析方法在史前考古研究中的价值。

关键词: 笃忠遗址, 灰坑葬, 同位素分析, 人群迁徙

Abstract:

This study explores the provenance and social affiliations of individuals from the ash-pit burials in the late Yangshao period through multi-isotopic analysis. Systematic isotopic measurements (carbon, nitrogen, strontium, oxygen) were carried out on the skeletal remains of 15 individuals from four burial pits at the Duzhong site in Mianchi County, Henan Province. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 15 bone samples and 10 dental samples(δ¹³C=-8.4‰±2.7‰, δ¹⁵N=9.0‰±1.0‰; n=25) reveal a predominantly millet-based diet, which is consistent with that of the contemporaneous Central Plains populations. Notably, a comparative analysis of intra-individual bone and dental isotope values shows significant dietary shifts from childhood to adulthood, potentially reflecting changes in lifestyle or living environment. The similarity of strontium and oxygen isotope values of bone samples (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.71210±0.00004, δ¹⁸O=-7.8‰±0.5‰; n=9) indicates that all the individuals spent their last few years at the same site. However, the significant variation in tooth values shows that most male individuals did not grow up locally and had spent their youth in different areas. They might have migrated to the current site from the plains in the east or some areas close to the sea, which is consistent with the direction of cultural factor origins reflected in cranial morphology and tooth-extraction customs. Individuals buried in the same pit include both locals and non-locals. Some non-locals in the same pit share similar dietary patterns and migration paths, indicating a close relationship among them and suggesting that they might belong to a certain form of social-organization unit. The traumatic injuries observed on the skulls of certain individuals suggest that these migration events may have involved elements of violence. In addition, the high frequency of human migration observed among the individuals from the late Yangshao ash-pit burials differentiates this mortuary practice from conventional rectangular-pit interments. Male individuals were more likely to be involved in migration events compared to females, which might be related to the marital customs. These findings provide important clues for further research on the nature of late Yangshao period ash-pit burials and cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the eastern areas. Moreover, this study also demonstrates the value of multiple-isotopic analysis methods in prehistoric archaeological research.

Key words: Duzhong site, ash-pit burials, isotope analysis, human migration

中图分类号:

K878.05/O615.2

周立刚, 武志江, 孙蕾, 杜月, 韩炜炜, 吴晓桐. 河南渑池笃忠遗址灰坑葬人群的来源[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(01): 59-73.

ZHOU Ligang, WU Zhijiang, SUN Lei, DU Yue, HAN Weiwei, WU Xiaotong. Origin of the ash-pit burial people at the Duzhong site in Mianchi, Henan[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(01): 59-73.

图/表 9

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个体编号Number	性别Sex	年龄Age(y)	样品部位Sample	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	C	N	C:N	产出比例 Collagen yield
MDH23	男	20±	犬齿	-14.0‰	10.2‰	43.1%	15.4%	3.3	7.4%
MDH23	男	20±	肋骨	-16.0‰	9.8‰	45.2%	16.3%	3.2	14.4%
MDH69-1	男	<18	门齿	-6.6‰	9.8‰	43.2%	15.6%	3.2	8.7%
MDH69-1	男	<18	肋骨	-10.3‰	9.6‰	42.7%	15.5%	3.2	5.1%
MDH69-2	女	40~45	门齿	-7.2‰	8.9‰	43.4%	15.6%	3.2	5.1%
MDH69-2	女	40~45	肋骨	-7.4‰	8.0‰	43.0%	15.5%	3.2	6.1%
MDH69-3	女	40±	门齿	-7.7‰	8.6‰	42.7%	15.3%	3.2	8.0%
MDH69-3	女	40±	肋骨	-7.0‰	9.0‰	44.7%	16.1%	3.2	16.4%
MDH69-4	男	20±	门齿	-8.1‰	9.5‰	43.3%	15.6%	3.2	9.4%
MDH69-4	男	20±	肋骨	-7.1‰	10.1‰	42.8%	15.4%	3.3	5.2%
MDH69-5	男	40~45	门齿	-7.7‰	9.4‰	43.2%	15.6%	3.2	9.8%
MDH69-5	男	40~45	肋骨	-7.4‰	8.8‰	42.3%	15.3%	3.2	6.6%
MDH69-6	男	35~40	肋骨	-7.0‰	9.1‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	5.3%
MDH82-1	男	18±	臼齿	-7.4‰	9.6‰	42.9%	15.5%	3.2	6.8%
MDH82-1	男	18±	肋骨	-10.1‰	9.5‰	43.3%	15.6%	3.2	5.6%
MDH82-2	男	20±	门齿	-6.6‰	7.0‰	42.7%	15.4%	3.2	4.7%
MDH82-2	男	20±	肋骨	-8.4‰	7.3‰	43.4%	15.6%	3.2	4.8%
MDH82-3	男	20±	掌骨	-7.2‰	7.6‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	6.1%
MDH82-4	女	35±	肋骨	-7.9‰	8.3‰	42.5%	15.2%	3.2	7.7%
MDH87-1	男	35±	门齿	-6.5‰	11.1‰	42.4%	15.4%	3.2	10.2%
MDH87-1	男	35±	掌骨	-7.2‰	8.1‰	43.9%	15.8%	3.2	8.7%
MDH87-2	男	25±	门齿	-6.5‰	9.1‰	43.6%	15.7%	3.2	9.3%
MDH87-2	男	25±	肋骨	-7.0‰	8.3‰	41.5%	15.2%	3.2	4.6%
MDH87-3	男	25~30	肋骨	-15.5‰	10.3‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	4.5%
MDH87-4	男	18±	肋骨	-7.5‰	8.4‰	43.0%	15.6%	3.2	5.2%

个体编号Number	性别Sex	年龄Age(y)	样品部位Sample	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	C	N	C:N	产出比例 Collagen yield
MDH23	男	20±	犬齿	-14.0‰	10.2‰	43.1%	15.4%	3.3	7.4%
MDH23	男	20±	肋骨	-16.0‰	9.8‰	45.2%	16.3%	3.2	14.4%
MDH69-1	男	<18	门齿	-6.6‰	9.8‰	43.2%	15.6%	3.2	8.7%
MDH69-1	男	<18	肋骨	-10.3‰	9.6‰	42.7%	15.5%	3.2	5.1%
MDH69-2	女	40~45	门齿	-7.2‰	8.9‰	43.4%	15.6%	3.2	5.1%
MDH69-2	女	40~45	肋骨	-7.4‰	8.0‰	43.0%	15.5%	3.2	6.1%
MDH69-3	女	40±	门齿	-7.7‰	8.6‰	42.7%	15.3%	3.2	8.0%
MDH69-3	女	40±	肋骨	-7.0‰	9.0‰	44.7%	16.1%	3.2	16.4%
MDH69-4	男	20±	门齿	-8.1‰	9.5‰	43.3%	15.6%	3.2	9.4%
MDH69-4	男	20±	肋骨	-7.1‰	10.1‰	42.8%	15.4%	3.3	5.2%
MDH69-5	男	40~45	门齿	-7.7‰	9.4‰	43.2%	15.6%	3.2	9.8%
MDH69-5	男	40~45	肋骨	-7.4‰	8.8‰	42.3%	15.3%	3.2	6.6%
MDH69-6	男	35~40	肋骨	-7.0‰	9.1‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	5.3%
MDH82-1	男	18±	臼齿	-7.4‰	9.6‰	42.9%	15.5%	3.2	6.8%
MDH82-1	男	18±	肋骨	-10.1‰	9.5‰	43.3%	15.6%	3.2	5.6%
MDH82-2	男	20±	门齿	-6.6‰	7.0‰	42.7%	15.4%	3.2	4.7%
MDH82-2	男	20±	肋骨	-8.4‰	7.3‰	43.4%	15.6%	3.2	4.8%
MDH82-3	男	20±	掌骨	-7.2‰	7.6‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	6.1%
MDH82-4	女	35±	肋骨	-7.9‰	8.3‰	42.5%	15.2%	3.2	7.7%
MDH87-1	男	35±	门齿	-6.5‰	11.1‰	42.4%	15.4%	3.2	10.2%
MDH87-1	男	35±	掌骨	-7.2‰	8.1‰	43.9%	15.8%	3.2	8.7%
MDH87-2	男	25±	门齿	-6.5‰	9.1‰	43.6%	15.7%	3.2	9.3%
MDH87-2	男	25±	肋骨	-7.0‰	8.3‰	41.5%	15.2%	3.2	4.6%
MDH87-3	男	25~30	肋骨	-15.5‰	10.3‰	43.1%	15.5%	3.2	4.5%
MDH87-4	男	18±	肋骨	-7.5‰	8.4‰	43.0%	15.6%	3.2	5.2%

个体编号Number	样品种类Sample	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	SE	δ¹⁸O_VPDB
MDH23	犬齿	0.71208	0.000010	-3.1‰
MDH23	肋骨	0.71205	0.000010	-6.8‰
MDH69-1	齿冠	0.71308	0.000009	-8.3‰
MDH69-1	肋骨	0.71214	0.000009	-7.9‰
MDH69-3	门齿	0.71194	0.000010	-8.0‰
MDH69-3	肋骨	0.71208	0.000009	-8.4‰
MDH69-4	肋骨	0.71212	0.000010	-7.5‰
MDH69-4	门齿	0.71140	0.000009	-5.1‰
MDH69-5	门齿	0.71152	0.000010	-5.5‰
MDH69-5	肋骨	0.71203	0.000008	-7.7‰
MDH69-6	臼齿	0.71141	0.000010	-5.6‰
MDH69-6	肋骨	0.71211	0.000008	-8.2‰
MDH82-1	齿冠	0.71203	0.000009	-9.1‰
MDH82-2	肋骨	0.71213	0.000009	-7.6‰
MDH82-2	门齿	0.71148	0.000011	-5.0‰
MDH87-1	门齿	0.71172	0.000011	-8.4‰
MDH87-1	掌骨	0.71207	0.000008	-7.9‰
MDH87-2	门齿	0.71259	0.000010	-5.2‰
MDH87-2	肋骨	0.71215	0.000009	-8.6‰

个体编号Number	样品种类Sample	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	SE	δ¹⁸O_VPDB
MDH23	犬齿	0.71208	0.000010	-3.1‰
MDH23	肋骨	0.71205	0.000010	-6.8‰
MDH69-1	齿冠	0.71308	0.000009	-8.3‰
MDH69-1	肋骨	0.71214	0.000009	-7.9‰
MDH69-3	门齿	0.71194	0.000010	-8.0‰
MDH69-3	肋骨	0.71208	0.000009	-8.4‰
MDH69-4	肋骨	0.71212	0.000010	-7.5‰
MDH69-4	门齿	0.71140	0.000009	-5.1‰
MDH69-5	门齿	0.71152	0.000010	-5.5‰
MDH69-5	肋骨	0.71203	0.000008	-7.7‰
MDH69-6	臼齿	0.71141	0.000010	-5.6‰
MDH69-6	肋骨	0.71211	0.000008	-8.2‰
MDH82-1	齿冠	0.71203	0.000009	-9.1‰
MDH82-2	肋骨	0.71213	0.000009	-7.6‰
MDH82-2	门齿	0.71148	0.000011	-5.0‰
MDH87-1	门齿	0.71172	0.000011	-8.4‰
MDH87-1	掌骨	0.71207	0.000008	-7.9‰
MDH87-2	门齿	0.71259	0.000010	-5.2‰
MDH87-2	肋骨	0.71215	0.000009	-8.6‰

编号Number	性别Sex	年龄Age(y)	食谱变化Change of diet	迁徙Migrate	来源Source
H69-3	女female	40±	否No	否No	本地local
H87-1	男male	35±	是Yes	否No	本地local
H82-1	男male	18±	是Yes	否No	本地local
H23	男male	20±	是Yes	是Yes	东部近海地区east areas close to the sea
H69-1	男male	18	是Yes	是Yes	东部平原plains in the east
H82-2	男male	20±	是Yes	是Yes	东部近海地区east areas close to the sea
H87-2	男male	25±	否No	是Yes	遗址东部平原地区plains in the east
H69-4	男male	20±	否No	是Yes	东部近海地区east areas close to the sea
H69-5	男male	40-45	否No	是Yes	东部近海地区east areas close to the sea

河南渑池笃忠遗址灰坑葬人群的来源

Origin of the ash-pit burial people at the Duzhong site in Mianchi, Henan

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