西北民族走廊人群体成分对生理机能的影响

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0023

人类学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (01): 140-153.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0023cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0023

西北民族走廊人群体成分对生理机能的影响

李咏兰¹^,²(), 韩瑗¹^,², 希露格¹^,², 白昀¹^,², 郑连斌³()

1.内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院，呼和浩特 010022
2.内蒙古自治区高等学校生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室，呼和浩特 010022
3.天津师范大学生命科学学院, 天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室，天津 300387

收稿日期:2024-07-12 接受日期:2024-09-16 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: 郑连斌，主要从事体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究。E-mail: zhenglianbin@sina.com
作者简介:李咏兰，教授，主要从事体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究。E-mail: liyonglan2005@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32460217);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071183);国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目(2020YFE0201600);内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金(2022JBZD014)

Physiological indicators of Northwest Ethnic Corridor populations and the impact of population evolution on physiological functions

LI Yonglan¹^,²(), HAN Yuan¹^,², XI Luge¹^,², BAI Yun¹^,², ZHENG Lianbin³()

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022
2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity conservation and Sustainable utilization for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022
3. College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387

Received:2024-07-12 Accepted:2024-09-16 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用生物电阻抗法测量了西北民族走廊15个人群6687例样本的体脂率、肌肉量。肥胖程度对西北民族走廊人群的握力、心率和餐后血糖影响不大，会导致高血压率的升高，降低血氧饱和度、肺活量，促使空腹血糖升高，增加糖尿病发病率。相关分析显示，男性肌肉量与收缩压、舒张压呈显著正相关。女性肌肉量与收缩压无明显相关，与舒张压呈显著正相关。肌肉量对空腹血糖、餐后血糖无明显影响。男性、女性体脂率与收缩压、舒张压均呈显著正相关，与血氧饱和度、肺活量呈显著负相关。肌肉量与握力、肺活量均呈显著正相关。双因素方差分析显示，体脂率、肌肉量对血压影响存在主效应，二者对血压影响不存在交互效应。研究结果提示，人群的形成与演化对生理指标值会产生重要影响。

关键词: 体脂率, 肌肉量, 血压, 血糖, 人群演化

Abstract:

The body fat percentage and muscle mass were measured in 6687 samples from 15 populations in the Northwest Ethnic Corridor using the bioelectrical resistance method. It has been found that the degree of obesity has little effect on grip strength, heart rate, and postprandial blood glucose in the Northwest Ethnic Corridor population,which would lead to the increase of hypertension rate, decrease of blood oxygen saturation and lung capacity, promote the increase of fasting blood glucose and increase the incidence of diabetes. Correlation analysis showed that muscle mass was significantly and positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in males. In females, muscle mass was not significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure and was significantly positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Muscle mass had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. Body fat percentage was significantly and positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in males and females, and significantly and negatively correlated with oxygen saturation and lung capacity. Muscle mass was significantly positively correlated with both grip strength and lung capacity. A two-way ANOVA showed that there was a main effect of body fat percentage and muscle mass on the effect of blood pressure, and no interaction effect of the two on the effect of blood pressure. The results of the study suggest that the formation and evolution of populations can have a significant impact on the values of physiological indicators.

Key words: body fat percentage, muscle mass, blood pressure, blood glucose, population evolution

中图分类号:

Q983

李咏兰, 韩瑗, 希露格, 白昀, 郑连斌. 西北民族走廊人群体成分对生理机能的影响[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(01): 140-153.

LI Yonglan, HAN Yuan, XI Luge, BAI Yun, ZHENG Lianbin. Physiological indicators of Northwest Ethnic Corridor populations and the impact of population evolution on physiological functions[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(01): 140-153.

图/表 9

参考文献 26

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人群Population	男性Male	女性Female	人群Population	男性Male	女性Female	人群Population	男性Male	女性Female
东乡族Dongxiang	338	502	哈萨克族Kazak	104	159	青海汉族Han	217	289
土族Tu	139	173	甘肃藏族Tibetan	221	189	河南县蒙古族Mongol	172	232
撒拉族Sala	193	217	甘肃回族Hui	378	446	肃北蒙古族Mongol	177	223
保安族Baoan	198	252	甘肃汉族Han	234	270	海西州蒙古族Mongol	166	195
裕固族Yugur	163	199	青海回族Hui	194	214	阿拉善蒙古族Mongol	89	144

人群Population	男性Male	女性Female	人群Population	男性Male	女性Female	人群Population	男性Male	女性Female
东乡族Dongxiang	338	502	哈萨克族Kazak	104	159	青海汉族Han	217	289
土族Tu	139	173	甘肃藏族Tibetan	221	189	河南县蒙古族Mongol	172	232
撒拉族Sala	193	217	甘肃回族Hui	378	446	肃北蒙古族Mongol	177	223
保安族Baoan	198	252	甘肃汉族Han	234	270	海西州蒙古族Mongol	166	195
裕固族Yugur	163	199	青海回族Hui	194	214	阿拉善蒙古族Mongol	89	144

指标Indicator	男性Male			女性Female
指标Indicator	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	36.2	9.8	2815	22.4	6.1	3502
左手握力G_L-han(kg)	34.2	9.5	2814	20.9	5.9	3504
收缩压P_Sys(mmHg)	131.0	19.6	2886	124.9	21.4	3584
舒张压P_Dia(mmHg)	82.5	12.5	2886	80.1	12.6	3584
心率HR(次/min)	78.1	12.5	2886	78.1	11.5	3581
血氧饱和度OS	91.2%	4.0%	915	91.4%	4.0%	1123
肺活量V_C(mL)	2678.0	815.7	495	1831.2	538.1	564
空腹血糖GLU_Fas(mmol/L)	6.2	1.3	168	6.0	1.5	180
餐后血糖GLU_Pos(mmol/L)	8.9	2.7	118	7.9	2.4	98
体脂率p_fat	24.0%	6.8%	2958	36.8%	7.5%	3667
肌肉量m_mus(kg)	51.2	7.1	2957	36.5	3.9	3667

指标Indicator	男性Male			女性Female
指标Indicator	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	36.2	9.8	2815	22.4	6.1	3502
左手握力G_L-han(kg)	34.2	9.5	2814	20.9	5.9	3504
收缩压P_Sys(mmHg)	131.0	19.6	2886	124.9	21.4	3584
舒张压P_Dia(mmHg)	82.5	12.5	2886	80.1	12.6	3584
心率HR(次/min)	78.1	12.5	2886	78.1	11.5	3581
血氧饱和度OS	91.2%	4.0%	915	91.4%	4.0%	1123
肺活量V_C(mL)	2678.0	815.7	495	1831.2	538.1	564
空腹血糖GLU_Fas(mmol/L)	6.2	1.3	168	6.0	1.5	180
餐后血糖GLU_Pos(mmol/L)	8.9	2.7	118	7.9	2.4	98
体脂率p_fat	24.0%	6.8%	2958	36.8%	7.5%	3667
肌肉量m_mus(kg)	51.2	7.1	2957	36.5	3.9	3667

指标Indicator	分型Type	男性Male							女性Female							总计Grand total
		非肥胖组 Non-obese group		肥胖组 Obese group		u₁	合计 total		非肥胖组 Non-obese group		肥胖组 Obese group		u₂	合计 total		总计Grand total
		样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent	u₁	样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent	u₂	样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent
右手握力	低握力Low	243	15.8%	182	14.3%	1.09	425	15.1%	304	22.7%	527	24.3%	1.10	831	23.7%	1256	19.9%
G_R-han(kg)	正常Normal	1298	84.2%	1092	85.7%	1.09	2390	84.9%	1034	77.3%	1638	75.7%	1.10	2672	76.3%	5062	80.1%
收缩压	低Low	5	0.3%	2	0.2%	0.88	7	0.2%	15	1.1%	12	0.5%	1.86	27	0.8%	34	0.5%
P_Sys(mmHg)	正常Normal	1275	80.3%	815	62.6%	10.58	2090	72.4%	1211	88.1%	1579	71.1%	11.91	2790	77.6%	4880	75.3%
	高High	307	19.3%	484	37.1%	10.71	791	27.3%	148	10.8%	630	28.3%	12.45	778	21.6%	1569	24.2%
舒张压	低Low	39	2.5%	2	0.2%	5.21	41	1.4%	61	4.5%	37	1.7%	5.00	98	2.7%	139	2.1%
P_Dia(mmHg)	正常Normal	1274	80.3%	856	65.8%	8.80	2130	73.8%	1164	85.3%	1584	71.3%	9.59	2748	76.6%	4878	75.4%
	高High	273	17.2%	442	34.0%	10.39	715	24.7%	140	10.3%	600	27.0%	12.04	740	20.6%	1455	22.5%
心率	低心率Low	100	6.30%	55	4.2%	2.46	155	5.4%	44	3.2%	92	4.1%	1.40	136	3.8%	291	4.5%
HR(次/min)	正常Normal	1413	89.1%	1180	90.8%	1.48	2593	89.8%	1258	92.2%	2057	92.8%	0.61	3315	92.6%	5908	91.4%
	心动过速Fast	73	4.6%	65	5.0%	0.50	138	4.8%	62	4.5%	68	3.1%	2.30	130	3.6%	268	4.1%
血氧饱和度 OS	低氧血症 Low	287	67.4%	377	77.0%	3.23	664	72.5%	219	60.0%	549	72.4%	4.16	768	68.3%	1432	70.2%
血氧饱和度 OS	正常 Normal	139	32.6%	113	23.1%	3.23	252	27.5%	146	40.0%	210	27.7%	4.16	356	31.7%	608	29.8%
肺活量	<2500mL	0	0.00%	0	0.0%	—	0	0.0%	140	79.1%	364	94.1%	5.35	504	89.4%	504	47.6%
VC(mL)	2500~3499mL	181	77.7%	240	91.6%	4.34	421	85.1%	37	20.9%	23	5.9%	5.35	60	10.6%	481	45.4%
	≥3500mL	52	22.3%	22	8.4%	4.34	74	15.0%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	__	0	0.0%	74	7.0%
空腹血糖 GLU_Fas (mmol/L)	正常 Normal	46	59.0%	51	56.0%	1.94	97	57.4%	44	84.6%	80	62.0%	2.96	124	68.5%	221	63.1%
	受损Impaired	19	24.4%	19	20.9%	0.54	38	22.5%	6	11.5%	27	20.9%	1.48	33	18.2%	71	20.3%
	糖尿病Diabetes	13	16.7%	21	23.1%	2.04	34	20.1%	2	3.8%	22	17.1%	2.37	24	13.3%	58	16.6%
餐后血糖 GLU_Pos (mmol/L)	正常 Normal	20	45.5%	23	30.7%	1.62	43	36.1%	21	67.7%	42	60.9%	0.66	63	63.0%	106	48.4%
	糖耐量异常 Abnormal	19	43.2%	44	58.7%	1.63	63	52.9%	9	29.0%	19	27.5%	0.15	28	28.0%	91	41.6%
	糖尿病Diabetes	5	11.4%	8	10.7%	0.12	13	10.9%	1	3.2%	8	11.6%	1.35	9	9.0%	22	10.0%

西北民族走廊人群体成分对生理机能的影响

Physiological indicators of Northwest Ethnic Corridor populations and the impact of population evolution on physiological functions

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指标 Indicator	分型Type	男性Male					女性Female
		肌肉量不足组 Muscle mass deficit group		肌肉量正常组 Muscle mass normal group		u	肌肉量不足组 Muscle mass deficit group		肌肉量正常组 Muscle mass normal group		u
		样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent	u	样本数n	占比Percent	样本数n	占比Percent	u
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	低握力Low	54	23.2%	371	14.4%	3.60	38	19.3%	794	24.0%	1.52
	握力正常Normal	179	76.8%	2211	85.6%	3.60	159	80.7%	2511	76.0%	1.52
收缩压P_Sys(mmHg)	低收缩压Low	2	0.8%	5	0.2%	1.94	2	1.0%	25	0.7%	0.37
	收缩压正常Normal	188	78.3%	1900	71.8%	2.16	180	87.4%	2599	76.9%	3.49
	高收缩压High	50	20.9%	741	28.0%	2.38	24	11.7%	754	22.3%	3.61
舒张压P_Dia(mmHg)	低舒张压Low	4	1.7%	37	1.4 %	0.34	5	2.4 %	93	2.8 %	0.28
	舒张压正常Normal	187	77.9%	1943	73.4 %	1.51	170	82.5 %	2576	76.3 %	2.06
	高舒张压High	49	20.4%	666	25.1%	1.63	31	15.1%	709	21.0%	2.04
心率HR(次/min)	心动过缓Slow	14	5.8%	141	5.3%	0.33	5	2.4%	131	3.9%	1.06
	心率正常Normal	213	88.8%	2358	89.1%	0.17	189	91.7%	3105	92.0%	0.13
	心动过速Fast	13	5.4%	147	5.6%	0.09	12	5.8%	139	4.1%	1.18
血氧饱和度OS	低氧血症Low	84	58.8%	579	73.1%	3.48	54	54.0%	714	69.85%	3.24
	血氧饱和度正常Normal	59	41.3%	213	26.9%	3.48	46	46.0%	309	30.2%	3.24
肺活量V_C (mL)	<2500	31	41.9%	190	45.1%	0.52	60	85.7%	444	89.9%	1.06
	2500-3499	28	37.9%	172	40.9%	0.49	9	12.9%	49	9.9%	0.76
	≥3500	15	20.3%	59	14.1%	1.39	1	1.4%	1	0.2%	1.62
空腹血糖GLU_Fas(mmol/L)	空腹血糖正常Normal	14	46.7%	79	56.4%	0.97	15	93.8%	104	63.0%	2.47
	空腹血糖受损Impaired	8	26.7%	34	24.3%	0.27	1	6.3%	32	19.45	1.30
	糖尿病Diabetes	8	26.7%	27	19.3%	0.91	0	0.0%	29	17.6%	1.83
餐后血糖GLU_Pos(mmol/L)	餐后血糖正常Normal	5	33.3%	38	36.5%	0.24	7	77.8%	55	61.8%	0.95
	糖耐量异常Abnormal	9	60.0%	54	51.9%	0.59	2	22.2%	25	28.1%	0.38
	糖尿病Diabetes	1	6.7%	12	11.5%	0.57	0	0.0%	9	10.1%	1.00

性别Sex	指标 Indicator	右握力G_R-han		收缩压P_Sys		舒张压P_Dia		心率HR		血氧饱和度OS		肺活量V_C		空腹血糖GLU_Fas		餐后血糖GLU_Pos
性别Sex	指标 Indicator	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
男性Male	体脂率PBF	-0.004	0.83	0.297	0.00	0.304	0.00	0.004	0.84	-0.101	0.00	-0.230	0.00	0.059	0.45	0.067	0.47
男性Male	肌肉量m_mus	0.422	0.00	0.069	0.00	0.094	0.00	0.051	0.01	0.020	0.54	0.233	0.00	0.127	0.10	0.077	0.41
女性Female	体脂率PBF	-0.007	0.67	0.277	0.00	0.281	0.00	-0.003	0.86	-0.138	0.00	-0.263	0.00	0.215	0.00	0.117	0.26
女性Female	肌肉量m_mus	0.359	0.00	0.014	0.39	0.042	0.01	-0.039	0.02	0.029	0.33	0.192	0.00	-0.183	0.02	0.065	0.53

性别Sex	因变量Implicit variable	指标Indicator	III 型平方和 Type III sum of squares	自由度df	均方 Mean square	F	P
男性 Male	收缩压对数值^PSys	体脂率p_fa	0.361	1	0.361	100.009	0.000
	收缩压对数值^PSys	肌肉量m_mus	1.497	371	0.004	1.118	0.074
	收缩压对数值^PSys	体脂率×肌肉量p_fa× m_mus	0.947	255	0.004	1.029	0.370
	舒张压对数值^PDia	体脂率p_fa	0.375	1	0.375	97.796	0.000
	舒张压对数值^PDia	肌肉量m_mus	1.575	371	0.004	1.106	0.096
	舒张压对数值^PDia	体脂率×肌肉量p_fa× m_mus	1.022	255	0.004	1.045	0.310
女性Female	收缩压对数值^PSys	体脂率p_fa	0.635	1	0.635	124.845	0.000
	收缩压对数值^PSys	肌肉量m_mus	1.09	233	0.005	0.92	0.798
	收缩压对数值^PSys	体脂率×肌肉量p_fa× m_mus	0.953	171	0.006	1.096	0.193
	舒张压对数值^PDia	体脂率p_fa	0.513	1	0.513	122.247	0.000
	舒张压对数值^PDia	肌肉量m_mus	0.894	233	0.004	0.915	0.812
	舒张压对数值^PDia	体脂率×肌肉量p_fa× m_mus	0.791	171	0.005	1.103	0.177

指标Indicator	男性Male					女性Female
	维吾尔族Uygur		裕固族Yugur		u	维吾尔族Uygur		裕固族Yugur		u
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u
收缩压P_Sys	120.2	26.4	136.3	19.1	7.37	112.3	25.9	127.8	18.6	7.69
舒张压P_Dia	92.4	26.9	84.1	2.1	5.07	85.0	19.2	79.9	10.6	3.75
心率HR(次/min)	81.8	11.5	76.6	13.1	4.19	83.9	10.5	74.3	10.0	10.21

指标Indicator	男性Male					女性Female
	土族Tu		回族Hui		u	土族Tu		回族Hui		u
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	36.2	8.7	37.5	8.7	1.34	22.4	5.8	22.8	5.2	0.71
左手握力G_L-han(kg)	34.1	8.2	35.0	8.7	0.96	20.5	5.5	21.0	4.9	0.93
收缩压P_Sys	132.2	18.5	136.9	22.4	2.09	133.2	24.2	130.8	22.9	-0.99
舒张压P_Dia	85.5	12.7	89.6	13.0	2.88	84.6	12.2	86.1	14.9	1.09
心率HR(次/min)	76.0	12.3	78.4	12.9	1.72	76.8	10.5	79.0	10.9	2.01
血氧饱和度OS	90.9	3.6	91.2	3.9	0.72	90.9	4.0	91.3	4.1	0.97
肺活量V_C	2710.2	733.4	2649.1	843.8	-0.70	1816.9	540.3	1860.7	579.5	0.77
空腹血糖GLU_Fas	6.1	1.2	6.8	1.6	4.56	5.8	0.8	6.3	1.8	3.64
餐后血糖GLU_Pos	8.5	1.1	9.7	3.3	4.71	8.5	1.1	7.5	2.6	-5.09

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指标Indicator	男性Male					女性Female
	甘肃回族Hui		东乡族Dongxiang		u	甘肃回族Hui		东乡族Dongxiang		u
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	36.0	10.1	36.5	10.0	0.66	22.8	6.5	22.9	6.7	0.23
左手握力G_L-han(kg)	34.6	9.5	35.0	10.2	0.54	21.2	6.2	21.8	6.6	1.44
收缩压P_Sys	128.6	19.8	127	17.8	1.14	124.1	20	122.5	19.1	1.26
舒张压P_Dia	80.0	12.2	80.5	11.8	0.56	79.1	11.8	79.1	12.5	0.00
心率HR(次/min)	80.7	13.4	79.5	12.0	1.26	82.1	11.8	81.4	11.9	0.91

指标Indicator	男性Male					女性Female
	甘肃回族Hui		东乡族Dongxiang		u	甘肃回族Hui		东乡族Dongxiang		u
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	u
右手握力G_R-han(kg)	36.0	10.1	36.5	10.0	0.66	22.8	6.5	22.9	6.7	0.23
左手握力G_L-han(kg)	34.6	9.5	35.0	10.2	0.54	21.2	6.2	21.8	6.6	1.44
收缩压P_Sys	128.6	19.8	127	17.8	1.14	124.1	20	122.5	19.1	1.26
舒张压P_Dia	80.0	12.2	80.5	11.8	0.56	79.1	11.8	79.1	12.5	0.00
心率HR(次/min)	80.7	13.4	79.5	12.0	1.26	82.1	11.8	81.4	11.9	0.91