中原地区古代人群的鼻骨形态

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨全新世人群鼻骨区域的变异性以及与鼻部形态的关系，本文采集了中原地区10个遗址的286例人骨的鼻骨形态特征数据，分别进行T检验、单向方差分析和Pearson相关性检验等。结果发现，中原地区人群鼻骨整体属中窄型，鼻根点略有凹陷，鼻骨鼻翼微隆起、形成小曲线；与其他时期相比，明清时期鼻骨类型更窄、鼻骨高和鼻骨高比例指数更大、最小鼻骨宽最小；男性较女性的鼻骨尺寸变异更为显著。大量数据分析显示，中原地区古代人群的鼻骨高与鼻高呈正相关性，且鼻骨高比例指数在不同时期变异范围相对稳定，而最小鼻骨宽与鼻宽多数情况下不具有统计学意义上的相关性，鼻骨宽指数在不同时期离散度高且不具有规律性。

关键词: 鼻骨区域, 鼻骨高, 鼻骨高比例指数, 中原地区

Abstract:

To investigate the variability of the nasal bone region and its relationship with nasal morphology in Holocene populations, this study collected morphological data on nasal bones from 286 human skeletons across 10 archaeological sites in the Central Plains region. Then, it conducted statistical analyses, including T-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation tests.

The results showed that the nasal bone type of the population in the Central Plains region predominantly fell into the medium-narrow category. It was characterized by a slight depression at the nasal root and a subtle protrusion at the alar region, forming a minor curvature. Compared with the populations in the Yangshao period, the DongZhou period, and the Xihan period, the nasal bone type of the population during the Mingqing dynasties was narrower. Meanwhile, it had greater nasal bone height, a larger proportion index of nasal bone height, and the smallest minimum nasal bone width. Overall, males showed more pronounced variability in nasal bone dimensions than females.

The extensive data analysis in this study indicated that, among the ancient populations in the Central Plains region, there was a positive correlation between nasal bone height and nasal height, suggesting a close relationship in their developmental patterns. Additionally, the proportion index of nasal bone height remained relatively stable across the Yangshao period, the Dongzhou period, the Xihan period, and the Mingqing dynasties, with a consistent range of variation. This stability might be influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

In contrast, the minimum nasal bone width showed no significant statistical correlation with nasal width in most cases. The nasal bone width index was highly discrete and irregular across these periods, indicating the absence of consistent patterns. This high degree of variability suggested that the nasal bone width index could be affected by multiple factors, such as genetic diversity and environmental adaptations.

Key words: Nasal bone area, High nasal bones, Nasal bone high proportion index, Central Plains

中图分类号:

Q983

吕风仪, 周亚威. 中原地区古代人群的鼻骨形态[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(01): 116-127.

LYU Fengyi, ZHOU Yawei. Nasal bone morphology of ancient populations in the Central Plains region[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(01): 116-127.

图/表 7

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测量项目Measurement items			鼻骨高h_b	鼻高h_n	梨状孔h_o	鼻宽 b_n	最小鼻宽b_s	梨状孔指数 h_o/b_n	鼻骨高比例指数 h_b/h_n	鼻指数 b_n/h_n	鼻骨宽指数b_s/b_n
仰韶Yangshao	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=37)	23.6±3.4	53.4±2.3	32.9±2.8	26.5±1.8	7.5±2.3	80.6±8.5	43.9±5.5	49.6±3.8	27.9±8.4
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=23)	22.3±2.1	49.2±3.1	28±2.5	26.4±1.3	7.4±1.5	94.7±7.6	46.2±3.2	53.8±4.1	29.0±6.5
	T		1.3	5.5^**	5.3^**	0.2	0.4	-5.1^**	-1.4	-4.0^**	0.6
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑			↓		↓
东周Dongzhou	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=58)	23.7±3.3	53.5±2.9	33.2±2.5	26.9±1.7	7.6±2.7	81.5±7.1	43.9±4.7	50.6±4	28.3±10
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=22)	22.1±2.4	49.4±2.3	28.9±2.9	25.7±1.4	7.4±1.7	88.6±6.5	44.6±3.9	51.±3.2	28.0±6.3
	T		1.5	5.9^**	4.9^**	3.2^**	4.4^*	-3.0^**	-1.2	-1.4	3.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑	↑	↑	↓
西汉Xihan	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=45)	22±2.9	52.6±8	32.1±2.2	26.4±2.3	7.6±2.7	80.8±7.8	41.7±4.6	49.5±4.9	28.3±10.9
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=35)	23.4±3.6	49.4±2.3	27.9±3	26.3±1.7	7.4±1.7	94.8±13	47.1±6.9	53.4±4.5	28.0±6.3
	T		-1.2	2.3^*	4.5^**	0.2	4.4^*	-3.6^**	-2.5^*	-3.6^**	3.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑		↑	↓	↓	↓
明清 Mingqing	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=28)	25.5±2.4	54.1±2.9	31.3±3.1	25.6±2	6.1±2.3	83.8±10.7	47.3±3.7	47.5±4.7	23.9±10.7
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=35)	25.2±2.8	51.2±3.7	29.4±3.7	25.8±2.5	5.6±2.1	87.6±13.6	49.3±4.4	50.7±6.1	21.3±10.3
	T		0.4	3.4^**	1.8	-0.4	1.3	-1	-1.6	-2.2^**	0.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑						↓
时代间显著性对比 Between-age	男性F_male		4.1**	0.7	2.8^*	2.9^*	3.2^*	0.7	4.4^**	3.2*	2.1
			d>c		b>d	b>d	a>d		d>c	b>d
	女性F_female		4.1*	3.3*	0.8	0.9	5.5^**	1.8	2.4	2.7	4.9^**
			d>a, b				a, b, c>d				a, b, c>d
	整体F_total		6.1^**	1.5	2.8	2.4	7.1^**	0.9	6.2**	2.6	7.0^**
			d>a, b, c				a, b, c>d		d>a, b, c		a, b, c>d

测量项目Measurement items			鼻骨高h_b	鼻高h_n	梨状孔h_o	鼻宽 b_n	最小鼻宽b_s	梨状孔指数 h_o/b_n	鼻骨高比例指数 h_b/h_n	鼻指数 b_n/h_n	鼻骨宽指数b_s/b_n
仰韶Yangshao	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=37)	23.6±3.4	53.4±2.3	32.9±2.8	26.5±1.8	7.5±2.3	80.6±8.5	43.9±5.5	49.6±3.8	27.9±8.4
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=23)	22.3±2.1	49.2±3.1	28±2.5	26.4±1.3	7.4±1.5	94.7±7.6	46.2±3.2	53.8±4.1	29.0±6.5
	T		1.3	5.5^**	5.3^**	0.2	0.4	-5.1^**	-1.4	-4.0^**	0.6
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑			↓		↓
东周Dongzhou	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=58)	23.7±3.3	53.5±2.9	33.2±2.5	26.9±1.7	7.6±2.7	81.5±7.1	43.9±4.7	50.6±4	28.3±10
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=22)	22.1±2.4	49.4±2.3	28.9±2.9	25.7±1.4	7.4±1.7	88.6±6.5	44.6±3.9	51.±3.2	28.0±6.3
	T		1.5	5.9^**	4.9^**	3.2^**	4.4^*	-3.0^**	-1.2	-1.4	3.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑	↑	↑	↓
西汉Xihan	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=45)	22±2.9	52.6±8	32.1±2.2	26.4±2.3	7.6±2.7	80.8±7.8	41.7±4.6	49.5±4.9	28.3±10.9
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=35)	23.4±3.6	49.4±2.3	27.9±3	26.3±1.7	7.4±1.7	94.8±13	47.1±6.9	53.4±4.5	28.0±6.3
	T		-1.2	2.3^*	4.5^**	0.2	4.4^*	-3.6^**	-2.5^*	-3.6^**	3.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑	↑		↑	↓	↓	↓
明清 Mingqing	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	男M(n=28)	25.5±2.4	54.1±2.9	31.3±3.1	25.6±2	6.1±2.3	83.8±10.7	47.3±3.7	47.5±4.7	23.9±10.7
	平均值±标准差($\bar{X} \pm \sigma$)	女F(n=35)	25.2±2.8	51.2±3.7	29.4±3.7	25.8±2.5	5.6±2.1	87.6±13.6	49.3±4.4	50.7±6.1	21.3±10.3
	T		0.4	3.4^**	1.8	-0.4	1.3	-1	-1.6	-2.2^**	0.4
	两性对比sex comparisons			↑						↓
时代间显著性对比 Between-age	男性F_male		4.1**	0.7	2.8^*	2.9^*	3.2^*	0.7	4.4^**	3.2*	2.1
			d>c		b>d	b>d	a>d		d>c	b>d
	女性F_female		4.1*	3.3*	0.8	0.9	5.5^**	1.8	2.4	2.7	4.9^**
			d>a, b				a, b, c>d				a, b, c>d
	整体F_total		6.1^**	1.5	2.8	2.4	7.1^**	0.9	6.2**	2.6	7.0^**
			d>a, b, c				a, b, c>d		d>a, b, c		a, b, c>d

时期 period	性别Sex	鼻高h_b	鼻宽h_n	鼻骨高比例指数h_b/h_n	鼻指数b_n/h_n	最小鼻宽b_s	鼻骨宽指数b_s/b_n
仰韶Yangshao	男Male	14.21	4.26	12.24	7.48	30.7	30.1
仰韶Yangshao	女Female	9.35	6.21	6.94	7.55	20.3	22.4
东周Dongzhou	男Male	13.95	5.43	10.67	7.95	35.5	35.3
东周Dongzhou	女Female	10.95	4.69	8.79	6.16	23.0	22.5
西汉Xihan	男Male	13.06	5.86	10.70	9.79	35.5	38.5
西汉Xihan	女Female	15.31	4.71	14.33	8.45	22.9	22.5
明清Mingqing	男Male	10.66	5.39	7.91	9.95	37.7	44.7
明清Mingqing	女Female	11.23	7.26	8.96	12.11	35.7	40.4

时期 period	性别Sex	鼻高h_b	鼻宽h_n	鼻骨高比例指数h_b/h_n	鼻指数b_n/h_n	最小鼻宽b_s	鼻骨宽指数b_s/b_n
仰韶Yangshao	男Male	14.21	4.26	12.24	7.48	30.7	30.1
仰韶Yangshao	女Female	9.35	6.21	6.94	7.55	20.3	22.4
东周Dongzhou	男Male	13.95	5.43	10.67	7.95	35.5	35.3
东周Dongzhou	女Female	10.95	4.69	8.79	6.16	23.0	22.5
西汉Xihan	男Male	13.06	5.86	10.70	9.79	35.5	38.5
西汉Xihan	女Female	15.31	4.71	14.33	8.45	22.9	22.5
明清Mingqing	男Male	10.66	5.39	7.91	9.95	37.7	44.7
明清Mingqing	女Female	11.23	7.26	8.96	12.11	35.7	40.4