人类学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 119-131.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0075

• • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻遗存在陕西华县东阳遗址的发现与探讨

夏秀敏1,2(), 殷宇鹏3, 许卫红3, 吴妍1,4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京 100044
    2.中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系,北京 100049
    3.陕西省考古研究院,西安 710054
    4.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-18 修回日期:2017-11-08 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2020-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 吴妍
  • 作者简介:夏秀敏(1988-),女,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所博士研究生,主要从事植物考古学研究。 Email: zhengdaxiaxiumin@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41472145);国家自然科学基金项目(41877427);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953803)

The discovery and discussion of rice remains from the Archaeological Site of Dongyang, Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province

XIA Xiumin1,2(), YIN Yupeng3, XU Weihong3, WU Yan1,4()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    2. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3. Shannxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an 710054;
    4. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
  • Received:2017-06-18 Revised:2017-11-08 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2020-09-11
  • Contact: WU Yan

摘要:

稻作的起源与传播一直是学术界关注的热点,然而水稻何时传入黄河中游并扩散至关中地区,则是需要进一步探讨的问题。华县东阳遗址是关中地区仰韶早中期的过渡性遗存(ca. 5900-5600 cal. BP)。本文借助植硅体分析,并结合炭化植物遗存,探讨了东阳遗址水稻的栽培和利用情况,并尝试分析水稻在关中地区出现的动因及传播过程。研究显示,东阳先民在以种植粟黍为主的同时,已经开始少量的栽培水稻,稻粟兼作的种植模式在此时出现。本研究发现的东阳遗址水稻遗存是目前关中地区最早的水稻遗存,指示了水稻至少在距今5800年时传入关中地区。仰韶晚期至龙山早期关中稻作获得较大发展,至龙山晚期则鲜少发现。该研究刷新了中国北方半干旱-半湿润区最早的水稻遗存记录,为进一步了解稻作起源与传播提供了基础数据。

关键词: 水稻, 东阳遗址, 关中地区, 传播, 稻粟兼作

Abstract:

The origin and spread of rice has always been a hot topic in academia. However, it is still unclear regarding the time when rice was first introduced into the middle reaches of the Yellow River and then spread to the Guanzhong area, which should be studied further. Located in Guanzhong area and excavated in 2014, Dongyang site is a transitional site from the Early Yangshao Period to the Middle Yangshao Period, dating from ca. 5900 to 5600 cal. BP. Based on the analysis of the plant remains from the Dongyang site, we attempt to explore the cultivation and utilization of rice, and analyze the reason for its emergence and diffusion process along Guangzhong area. Phytoliths and macroremains studies indicate the earliest dating rice remains in Guanzhong area so far. Furthermore, it reveals that ancient people of the Dongyang site who mainly grow millets, had already begun to cultivate slight rice. Mixed rice and millets farming pattern also formed at that time. Under the combination of various factors, rice was introduced into Guanzhong area. In addition, by summarizing the prehistoric rice remains from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, it can be concluded that rice was imported at least 5800 years ago. The rice was then made great development from the Late Yangshao to the Longshan Period, and nearly disappeared there by the end of Longshan Period. Our study may refresh the earliest record of rice remains in the semi-arid and semi-humid region of Northern China and provide the basic data for further studying the origin and spread of rice.

Key words: Rice, Dongyang site, Guanzhong area, Spread, Rice and millet farming

中图分类号: