人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02): 181-193.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0075

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

旧石器时代遗址发掘与记录方法讨论

张月书1,2, 李锋1,3(), 王晓敏4, 陈福友1,3, 高星1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心, 北京 100044
    4.中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京 100710
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-11 修回日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 李锋
  • 作者简介:张月书(1994-), 女, 河北省唐山人,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1521500);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2017102)

Discussions on the excavation and recording system of Paleolithic sites

ZHANG Yueshu1,2, LI Feng1,3(), WANG Xiaomin4, CHEN Fuyou1,3, GAO Xing1,2,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Beijing 100044
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 1000444
    4. Institute of Archaeology in Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100710
  • Received:2019-07-11 Revised:2019-09-02 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: LI Feng

摘要:

随着技术的发展和研究理念的转变,旧石器时代考古遗址的发掘和记录方法也发生着变化。20世纪30年代周口店遗址发掘方法的改革是中国旧石器时代考古发掘史上的重大转折,奠定了中国旧石器时代考古发掘、记录方法的基础。90年代,中美联合考古在泥河湾地区的开展使中国旧石器时代考古遗址的发掘和记录方法与国际接轨,更加规范化、科学化。进入21世纪,新技术、新理念的应用使旧石器时代考古遗址发掘的记录方法更加多样化、提取的遗存信息更加科学化、综合化。本文以周口店遗址和泥河湾盆地旧石器时代遗址的发掘历史为主线,简要回顾旧石器时代考古发掘记录方法的变革;以东谷坨遗址的新发掘为例,介绍该遗址发掘和记录的一般规则和具体方法,呼吁建立具有科学性和包容性的旧石器时代遗址考古发掘操作规程。

关键词: 旧石器时代考古, 周口店遗址, 泥河湾盆地, 东谷坨遗址, 考古发掘, 记录方法

Abstract:

With the development of fieldwork techniques and research concept, great improvements have been archived in the excavation and record method of Paleolithic archaeology. The excavating method reformed at the Zhoukoudian site in 1930s is significant in the history of Paleolithic excavation in China, which laid solid foundation for Paleolithic excavation and research. In the early the 1990s, archaeological investigations in the Nihewan basin conducted by the Sino-American joint team introduced standardized fieldwork methods and procedures to Paleolithic research in China. In the 21st century, the application of new technologies and concepts helps archaeologists in the country extract information more scientifically and comprehensively. This study is about the excavation history and methodological development at the Zhoukoudian site and sties in the Nihewan basin, by briefly reviewing the changes of the excavating and recording methods. Combined the valuable information from the previous excavations with the current standard of Paleolithic excavation, we take the Donggutuo site as an example to illustrate the general trend of fieldwork methodological development in Paleolithic and advocate establishing a standard excavating and recording system in Paleolithic archaeology of China.

Key words: Paleolithic archaeology, Zhoukoudian site, Nihewan basin, Donggutuo, Excavation, Recording system

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