肱骨骨干骨密质厚度的二维可视化及其定量分析

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0021

人类学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (04): 632-647.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0021

肱骨骨干骨密质厚度的二维可视化及其定量分析

赵昱浩¹^,²^,³(), 周蜜⁴, 魏偏偏⁵, 邢松¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044
2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044
3.中国科学院大学,北京100049
4.湖北省文物考古研究所,武汉430077
5.复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海200433

收稿日期:2020-02-25 修回日期:2020-04-09 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-23
通讯作者: 邢松
作者简介:赵昱浩（1996-）,男,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士研究生。Email:zhaoyuhao18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);国家自然科学基金(41872030)

2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness

ΖΗΑΟ Yuhao¹^,²^,³(), ΖHOU Mi⁴, WEI Pianpian⁵, XING Song¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
3. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049
4. Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430077
5. MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433

Received:2020-02-25 Revised:2020-04-09 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-23
Contact: XING Song

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

形态示量图是一种展示三维形态测量信息的二维可视化手段,能有效地反应骨密质厚度的分布特点。虽然现代人、更新世古老型人类和大猿的骨密质厚度分布存在差别,但全新世现代人内部是否有变异存在尚未被充分研究。本文选择全新世华中、华北地区的6个农业人群的34例右侧肱骨标本（23例男性、11例女性）,使用形态示量图对其骨干骨密质厚度的分布特征进行了全面分析。在方法上,本文比较了通过厚度最大值和生物力学长度对骨密质厚度进行标准化后分析结果的差别,并验证了主成分分析在形态示量图上的适用性。结果显示,在全新世华中、华北地区的农业人群中,男、女的厚度分布模式存在一定差异,而不同人群男性的差别并不明显。本文虽通过全新世华中、华北地区的农业人群揭示出全新世现代人在肱骨骨干骨密质厚度分布上存在一定程度的变异,但仍需在未来工作中依托本文方法,选择人群种类更丰富、标本量更大、个体变量控制更严格的材料,进一步验证或扩展本文所得结论。

关键词: 肱骨, 形态示量图, 主成分分析, 性别差异

Abstract:

Morphometric mapping is a 2D visualization method that displays 3D morphometric information, which can effectively reflect the distribution characteristics of cortical thickness. Despite there exist differences in the distribution pattern of cortical thickness between modern humans and Pleistocene archaic humans and great apes, more explorations are needed to test whether there are variations within Holocene modern humans. In present study, 34 right humeral specimens (23 males and 11 females) from 6 Holocene central and north China agricultural populations were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness by morphometric mapping comprehensively. This work compared the differences between the analysis results obtained after standardizing the cortical thickness by maximum thickness and biomechanical length, and verified the applicability of principal component analysis on morphometric mapping. The results reveal that within the Holocene central and north China agricultural populations, there exists some variances between males and females, but males of different populations show no obvious distinction. Though this work to some extent reveals the variations in the distribution of humeral diaphysis cortical thickness of Holocene modern humans by analyzing the agricultural populations from Holocene central and northern China, it’s still necessary to carry out works on new specimens which contain diverse populations, large sample size and strict variable control by method used in the present study, so as to verify or expand the conclusions obtained here in the future.

Key words: Humerus, Morphometric maps, Principal component analysis, Sexual dimorphism

中图分类号:

Q983⁺.3

赵昱浩, 周蜜, 魏偏偏, 邢松. 肱骨骨干骨密质厚度的二维可视化及其定量分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(04): 632-647.

ΖΗΑΟ Yuhao, ΖHOU Mi, WEI Pianpian, XING Song. 2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 632-647.

图/表 8

表1 本文所用肱骨标本的基本信息*

Tab.1 The basic information of humeri used in the present study*

地点 Site	时代 Chronological age	男Male	女 Female
河南省淅川县马岭Maling, Xichuan, Henan	后冈一期Hougang I	4	2
湖北省江陵县高台Gaotai, Jiangling, Hubei	汉代Han Dynasty	5	3
湖北省武汉市新洲区邾城工业园Zhucheng industrial park, Wuhan, Hubei	汉代Han Dynasty	1	1
湖北省房县计家湾Jijiawan, Fang, Hubei	秦代Qin Dynasty	1	1
湖北省襄阳市吴家坡Wujiapo, Xiangyang, hubei	唐代Tang Dynasty	2	0
河南省新乡市君子村Junzicun, Xinxiang, Henan	清代Qing Dynasty	10	4

图1 形态示量图原理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of morphometric maps (MM) Y axis of MM (from top to bottom): proximal, mid-proximal, midshaft, mid-distal, distal; X axis of MM (from left to right): lateral, anterior, medial, posterior, lateral.

图2 男、女的平均形态示量图 A、B：通过厚度最大值标准化;C、D：通过生物力学长度标准化;A、C：男性;B、D：女性;白色箭头指示反映男、女厚度分布差异的位置

Fig.2 Mean morphometric maps of male and female A, B: Standardized by maximum thickness; C, D: Standardized by biomechanical length; A, C: males; B, D: females; The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the difference in thickness distribution between male and female

图3 人群的平均形态示量图 A：通过厚度最大值标准化;B：通过生物力学长度标准化;白色箭头指示反应人群厚度分布差异的位置

Fig.3 Mean morphometric maps of different populations A: Standardized by maximum thickness; B: Standardized by biomechanical length; The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different populations. From left to right: Maling, Gaotai, Junzicun.

图4 通过厚度最大值标准化后的主成分分析结果 A：全部标本的主成分分析结果,主要展示性别差异;B：全部男性标本的主成分分析结果,用于展示人群差异

Fig.4 The results of PCA after standardized by maximum thickness A: The PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily. B: The PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences

图5 通过厚度最大值标准化后的主成分分析结果所对应的形态示量图变化模式 A：全部标本的主成分分析结果对应的形态示量图变化模式,主要展示性别差异;B：全部男性标本的主成分分析结果对应的形态示量图变化模式,用于展示人群差异;→：分析结果中PC值由小变大的方向。白色箭头指示反应性别或人群厚度分布差异的位置

Fig.5 The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results after standardized by maximum thickness A: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily; B: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences; →：the direction which the PC value changes from small to large in the PCA results. The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different genders or populations

图6 通过生物力学长度标准化后的主成分分析结果 A：全部标本的主成分分析结果,主要展示性别差异;B：全部男性标本的主成分分析结果,用于展示人群差异

Fig.6 The results of PCA after standardized by biomechanical length A: The PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily. B: The PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences

图7 通过生物力学长度标准化后的主成分分析结果所对应的形态示量图变化模式 A：全部标本的主成分分析结果对应的形态示量图变化模式,主要展示性别差异;B：全部男性标本的主成分分析结果对应的形态示量图变化模式,用于展示人群差异;→：分析结果中PC值由小变大的方向。白色箭头指示反应性别或人群厚度分布差异的位置

Fig.7 The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results after standardized by biomechanical length A: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily; B: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences; →：the direction which the PC value changes from small to large in the PCA results. The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different genders or populations

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肱骨骨干骨密质厚度的二维可视化及其定量分析

2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness

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