生物电阻抗法测定广西京族的体成分

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文利用生物电阻抗法对广西京族的体成分进行了测定，初步分析了其体成分形成的原因。研究组于2020年12月在广西壮族自治区东兴市“京族三岛”测定了430例京族成人（男182例，女248例）的16项指标。结果表明，京族男、女性的体质量、总肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、推定骨量、总能量代谢与年龄呈显著负相关。体成分随年龄增长而发生的变化，主要是自然的生理变化和劳动强度下降所致。随着年龄增长，男性的体脂率升高，这主要是躯干脂肪增多造成的。京族男性的体质量、总肌肉量、推定骨量、总能量代谢、水分率、四肢和躯干肌肉量均大于女性，而体脂率、四肢和躯干脂肪率均小于女性。京族男性比女性拥有更大的体质量和更高比例的骨骼肌，这两方面因素再加上劳动强度的差异，可能导致男性肌肉量、骨量、脂肪率等体成分与女性存在差异。总体来看，京族成人身体偏胖，脂肪含量较高，身体含水量基本正常，体成分特征与同为南亚语系或同在沿海地区的其他中国族群并不相似，而相对更接近于中国蒙古族，并且表现在体质量、体脂率、水分率等方面接近。生活环境、社会经济、日常饮食和劳动强度等因素是导致京族成人体质量及体脂率较高的原因。

关键词: 京族, 智人, 生物人类学, 体成分

Abstract:

In this paper, the bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition of Jing peoples in Guangxi. In December 2020, the research team measured 16 indicators of 430 Jing adults (182 males and 248 females) in the “Three Islands of Jing” in Dongxing City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results show that mass, total body muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, estimated bone mass and total energy metabolism of Jing males and females are significantly negatively correlated with age. Changes in body composition with age are mainly caused by natural physiological changes with decreased labor intensity. The percentage body fat of males increases with age, due to increased trunk fat. The mass, total body muscle mass, estimated bone mass, total energy metabolism, percentage body water, and limbs and trunk muscle mass of Jing males are higher than those of females; while percentage of body fat and of limb and trunk fat are lower than those of females. Jing males possess a greater mass and a higher proportion of skeletal muscle in mass than females. These two last factors coupled with differences in labor intensity could result in discrepancies of body compositions of the two genders, including body muscle mass, bone mass and percentage body fat. Generally speaking, Jing adults are obese with high fat content but normal body water content. Their body composition characteristics are not similar to other Chinese ethnic groups of the same Austroasiatic languages or in the same coastal areas, but are relatively closer to those of Mongols in China, where mass, percentage of body fat and of body water are similar. Factors such as living environment, social economy, daily diet and labor intensity are the reasons for the higher mass and percent body fat of the Jing adults.

Key words: Jing people, Homo sapiens, biological anthropology, body composition

中图分类号:

Q984

刘鑫, 张兴华, 宇克莉, 刘艳霞, 包金萍, 郑连斌. 生物电阻抗法测定广西京族的体成分[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(06): 1028-1036.

LIU Xin, ZHANG Xinghua, YU Keli, LIU Yanxia, BAO Jinping, ZHENG Lianbin. Determination of body composition of the Jing in Guangxi using bioelectrical impedance analysis[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(06): 1028-1036.

图/表 5

参考文献 31

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指标Indicator	18-44 a	45-59 a	≥60 a	合计Total	F	比较Com	r
例数n	37	47	98	182
体质量m/kg	67.1±11.6	67.4±11.2	64.6±10.2	65.8±10.8	1.352		-0.209**
体脂率p_fat/%	21.7%±5.6%	23.0%±5.9%	25.1%±5.7%	23.9%±5.9%	5.255**	b	0.192**
总肌肉量m_mus/kg	49.3±5.8	48.7±5.3	45.5±5.5	47.1±5.7	9.126**	b, c	-0.393**
推定骨量m_bon/kg	2.7±0.3	2.7±0.3	2.5±0.3	2.6±0.3	7.290**	b, c	-0.374**
总能量代谢M_ene/kcal	2632.3±490.5	2524.0±397.5	2147.8±400.9	2343.4±469.5	23.767**	b, c	-0.560**
水分率p_wat/%	52.3%±4.6%	52.9%±5.1%	53.1%±5.1%	52.9%±5.0%	0.395		0.091
右上肢脂肪率p_R-up-fat/%	15.5%±4.6%	15.8%±4.5%	16.9%±5.7%	16.4%±5.2%	1.300		0.073
右上肢肌肉量m_R-up-lim-mus/kg	2.6±0.5	2.7±0.4	2.5±0.7	2.6±0.6	1.100		-0.182*
左上肢脂肪率p_L-up-fat/%	16.3%±4.5%	16.7%±4.6%	17.6%±5.9%	17.1%±5.3%	0.932		0.022
左上肢肌肉量m_L-up-lim-mus/kg	2.5±0.4	2.5±0.4	2.4±0.6	2.5±0.5	0.801		-0.097
右下肢脂肪率p_R-lo-fat/%	22.3%±4.4%	22.8%±4.7%	22.2%±6.0%	22.4%±5.4%	0.211		-0.105
右下肢肌肉量m_R-lo-lim-mus/kg	8.4±1.3	8.6±1.4	8.5±1.4	8.5±1.4	0.067		-0.062
左下肢脂肪率p_L-lo-fat/%	22.1%±4.3%	22.7%±4.5%	21.5%±6.3%	21.9%±5.5%	0.671		-0.151*
左下肢肌肉量m_L-lo-lim-mus/kg	8.4±1.3	8.5±1.3	8.6±1.3	8.5±1.3	0.151		-0.021
躯干脂肪率p_tru-fat/%	22.5%±6.6%	24.4%±7.3%	28.9%±6.8%	26.4%±7.4%	14.239**	b, c	0.352**
躯干肌肉量m_tru-mus/kg	27.2±2.9	26.4±2.2	23.4±2.6	24.9±3.1	39.874**	b, c	-0.644**

指标Indicator	18-44 a	45-59 a	≥60 a	合计Total	F	比较Com	r
例数n	37	47	98	182
体质量m/kg	67.1±11.6	67.4±11.2	64.6±10.2	65.8±10.8	1.352		-0.209**
体脂率p_fat/%	21.7%±5.6%	23.0%±5.9%	25.1%±5.7%	23.9%±5.9%	5.255**	b	0.192**
总肌肉量m_mus/kg	49.3±5.8	48.7±5.3	45.5±5.5	47.1±5.7	9.126**	b, c	-0.393**
推定骨量m_bon/kg	2.7±0.3	2.7±0.3	2.5±0.3	2.6±0.3	7.290**	b, c	-0.374**
总能量代谢M_ene/kcal	2632.3±490.5	2524.0±397.5	2147.8±400.9	2343.4±469.5	23.767**	b, c	-0.560**
水分率p_wat/%	52.3%±4.6%	52.9%±5.1%	53.1%±5.1%	52.9%±5.0%	0.395		0.091
右上肢脂肪率p_R-up-fat/%	15.5%±4.6%	15.8%±4.5%	16.9%±5.7%	16.4%±5.2%	1.300		0.073
右上肢肌肉量m_R-up-lim-mus/kg	2.6±0.5	2.7±0.4	2.5±0.7	2.6±0.6	1.100		-0.182*
左上肢脂肪率p_L-up-fat/%	16.3%±4.5%	16.7%±4.6%	17.6%±5.9%	17.1%±5.3%	0.932		0.022
左上肢肌肉量m_L-up-lim-mus/kg	2.5±0.4	2.5±0.4	2.4±0.6	2.5±0.5	0.801		-0.097
右下肢脂肪率p_R-lo-fat/%	22.3%±4.4%	22.8%±4.7%	22.2%±6.0%	22.4%±5.4%	0.211		-0.105
右下肢肌肉量m_R-lo-lim-mus/kg	8.4±1.3	8.6±1.4	8.5±1.4	8.5±1.4	0.067		-0.062
左下肢脂肪率p_L-lo-fat/%	22.1%±4.3%	22.7%±4.5%	21.5%±6.3%	21.9%±5.5%	0.671		-0.151*
左下肢肌肉量m_L-lo-lim-mus/kg	8.4±1.3	8.5±1.3	8.6±1.3	8.5±1.3	0.151		-0.021
躯干脂肪率p_tru-fat/%	22.5%±6.6%	24.4%±7.3%	28.9%±6.8%	26.4%±7.4%	14.239**	b, c	0.352**
躯干肌肉量m_tru-mus/kg	27.2±2.9	26.4±2.2	23.4±2.6	24.9±3.1	39.874**	b, c	-0.644**

指标Indicator	18-44 a	45-59 a	≥60 a	合计Total	F	比较Com	r	u
例数n	31	90	127	248
体质量m/kg	58.3±9.3	61.0±8.3	55.1±8.5	57.7±8.8	12.410**	c	-0.248**	8.30**
体脂率p_fat/%	34.8%±5.1%	37.5%±5.9%	36.4%±6.2%	36.6%±6.2%	2.414		0.049	21.58**
总肌肉量m_mus/kg	35.5±3.6	35.7±3.4	32.7±3.1	34.1±3.5	24.130**	b, c	-0.386**	27.23**
推定骨量m_bon/kg	2.1±0.3	2.1±0.2	1.9±0.3	2.0±0.3	28.558**	b, c	-0.420**	20.49**
总能量代谢M_ene/kcal	1949.2±314.0	2003.8±236.2	1663.8±285.3	1822.9±316.0	47.258**	b, c	-0.509**	12.96**
水分率p_wat/%	45.6%±2.8%	45.9%±3.9%	47.3%±4.3%	46.6%±4.3%	4.892**	b, c	0.171**	13.69**
右上肢脂肪率p_R-up-fat/%	30.7%±6.4%	33.5%±7.3%	31.6%±7.0%	32.2%±7.2%	2.806		-0.038	26.42**
右上肢肌肉量m_R-up-lim-mus/kg	1.7±0.3	1.8±0.3	1.6±0.3	1.7±0.3	7.899**	c	-0.166**	18.60**
左上肢脂肪率p_L-up-fat/%	31.8%±6.3%	35.0%±6.8%	32.0%±7.3%	33.1%±7.3%	5.326**	a, c	-0.112	26.33**
左上肢肌肉量m_L-up-lim-mus/kg	1.6±0.3	1.7±0.4	1.6±0.4	1.6±0.3	4.144*	c	-0.050	21.60**
右下肢脂肪率p_R-lo-fat/%	36.1%±3.8%	37.9%±4.2%	36.2%±4.8%	36.8%±4.8%	4.438*	c	-0.071	28.62**
右下肢肌肉量m_R-lo-lim-mus/kg	5.8±0.6	6.1±0.7	5.8±0.7	5.9±0.7	4.504*	c	-0.128*	23.03**
左下肢脂肪率p_L-lo-fat/%	35.7%±4.1%	37.7%±3.8%	36.4%±3.9%	36.8%±3.9%	4.177*	a	-0.033	31.24**
左下肢肌肉量m_L-lo-lim-mus/kg	5.7±0.6	6.1±1.0	5.7±0.7	5.8±0.9	9.014**	a, c	-0.127*	24.10**
躯干脂肪率p_tru-fat/%	34.6%±6.0%	38.0%±7.3%	37.3%±7.6%	37.2%±7.6%	2.545		0.085	14.78**
躯干肌肉量m_tru-mus/kg	20.8±2.2	20.0±2.0	18.1±2.1	19.1±2.2	32.475**	b, c	-0.502**	21.57**

指标Indicator	18-44 a	45-59 a	≥60 a	合计Total	F	比较Com	r	u
例数n	31	90	127	248
体质量m/kg	58.3±9.3	61.0±8.3	55.1±8.5	57.7±8.8	12.410**	c	-0.248**	8.30**
体脂率p_fat/%	34.8%±5.1%	37.5%±5.9%	36.4%±6.2%	36.6%±6.2%	2.414		0.049	21.58**
总肌肉量m_mus/kg	35.5±3.6	35.7±3.4	32.7±3.1	34.1±3.5	24.130**	b, c	-0.386**	27.23**
推定骨量m_bon/kg	2.1±0.3	2.1±0.2	1.9±0.3	2.0±0.3	28.558**	b, c	-0.420**	20.49**
总能量代谢M_ene/kcal	1949.2±314.0	2003.8±236.2	1663.8±285.3	1822.9±316.0	47.258**	b, c	-0.509**	12.96**
水分率p_wat/%	45.6%±2.8%	45.9%±3.9%	47.3%±4.3%	46.6%±4.3%	4.892**	b, c	0.171**	13.69**
右上肢脂肪率p_R-up-fat/%	30.7%±6.4%	33.5%±7.3%	31.6%±7.0%	32.2%±7.2%	2.806		-0.038	26.42**
右上肢肌肉量m_R-up-lim-mus/kg	1.7±0.3	1.8±0.3	1.6±0.3	1.7±0.3	7.899**	c	-0.166**	18.60**
左上肢脂肪率p_L-up-fat/%	31.8%±6.3%	35.0%±6.8%	32.0%±7.3%	33.1%±7.3%	5.326**	a, c	-0.112	26.33**
左上肢肌肉量m_L-up-lim-mus/kg	1.6±0.3	1.7±0.4	1.6±0.4	1.6±0.3	4.144*	c	-0.050	21.60**
右下肢脂肪率p_R-lo-fat/%	36.1%±3.8%	37.9%±4.2%	36.2%±4.8%	36.8%±4.8%	4.438*	c	-0.071	28.62**
右下肢肌肉量m_R-lo-lim-mus/kg	5.8±0.6	6.1±0.7	5.8±0.7	5.9±0.7	4.504*	c	-0.128*	23.03**
左下肢脂肪率p_L-lo-fat/%	35.7%±4.1%	37.7%±3.8%	36.4%±3.9%	36.8%±3.9%	4.177*	a	-0.033	31.24**
左下肢肌肉量m_L-lo-lim-mus/kg	5.7±0.6	6.1±1.0	5.7±0.7	5.8±0.9	9.014**	a, c	-0.127*	24.10**
躯干脂肪率p_tru-fat/%	34.6%±6.0%	38.0%±7.3%	37.3%±7.6%	37.2%±7.6%	2.545		0.085	14.78**
躯干肌肉量m_tru-mus/kg	20.8±2.2	20.0±2.0	18.1±2.1	19.1±2.2	32.475**	b, c	-0.502**	21.57**

族群 Ethnic group	男性Male							女性Female
族群 Ethnic group	例数 n	体质量m/kg	体脂率p_fat/%	总肌肉量m_mus/kg	推定骨量m_bon/kg	总能量代谢 M_ene/kcal	水分率p_wat/%	例数n	体质量m/kg	体脂率p_fat/%	总肌肉量m_mus/kg	推定骨量m_bon/kg	总能量代谢 M_ene/kcal	水分率p_wat/%
京族Jing	182	65.8	23.9%	47.1	2.6	2343.4	52.9%	248	57.7	36.6%	34.1	2.0	1822.9	46.6%
佤族Va	239	60.9	19.6%	46.3	2.6	2024.1	55.5%	324	54.8	33.3%	34.1	2.0	1625.8	48.5%
布朗族Blang	248	58.6	19.5%	44.3	2.5	1953.8	56.0%	356	52.8	33.8%	32.9	1.9	1544.1	48.6%
黎族Li	308	60.5	19.5%	45.8	2.6	2049.8	55.0%	299	52.9	31.2%	34.0	2.0	1636.0	49.3%
临高人 Lingao	211	61.7	20.3%	46.3	2.6	2037.0	54.6%	204	54.5	32.8%	34.4	2.1	1634.8	48.2%
羌族Qiang	299	66.5	22.5%	49.0	2.7	2152.8	53.3%	303	59.7	36.4%	36.0	2.2	1741.3	46.5%
基诺族Jino	279	60.3	20.7%	49.8	2.5	1962.9	55.2%	321	52.8	33.4%	33.0	1.9	1565.3	49.5%
纳西族Naxi	275	68.4	21.6%	50.2	2.8	2230.9	54.8%	301	57.2	33.0%	35.8	2.2	1705.6	48.5%
普米族Pumi	216	66.0	19.3%	50.2	2.8	2198.0	56.2%	327	57.1	31.6%	36.6	2.2	1736.4	49.3%
桂林瑶族 Yao(Guilin)	259	57.0	19.8%	42.9	2.4	2145.4	55.8%	278	50.6	30.2%	31.9	2.0	1716.3	50.1%
来宾瑶族 Yao(Laibin)	275	59.9	22.3%	43.4	2.4	2225.0	53.4%	383	53.2	34.4%	32.6	1.9	1799.0	48.0%
蒙古族 Mongol	1916	72.6	24.3%	51.9	2.9	2442.1	52.7%	2493	62.8	36.8%	37.0	2.3	1872.5	46.7%