安徽地区发现的阿舍利大型工具

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型切割工具、大型刮削器和大型锯齿刃器等是阿舍利工业常见的大型工具类型。近年来，在丁村遗址、洛南盆地、丹江口库区、百色盆地、皮洛遗址等地普遍有此类工具组合的介绍与研究，但在长江下游地区如安徽等地却鲜有报道，一些学者认为砾石石器工业、奥杜威技术、石核—石片技术体系从早更新世以来在长江下游地区盛行。20世纪80年代以来，安徽省文物考古研究所在水阳江流域、巢湖地区、皖江流域和新安江流域的露天旷野类型遗址中发现了相当数量的大型工具，类型以单面加工手斧、手镐、大型刮削器和大型锯齿刃器比较有代表性。本文拟对安徽地区发现的246件阿舍利大型工具进行初步梳理，对其年代、原料、类型、毛坯、加工程度与修形策略等进行阐释，为进一步探讨阿舍利技术在中国的出现、扩散与变异提供相关对比材料。

关键词: 安徽, 阿舍利大型工具, 大石片, 手斧, 中更新世

Abstract:

Large cutting tools (LCTs) are the most typical tools assemblages of Acheulean Industry. The toolkits include handaxes, picks, cleavers and knives etc. Besides of tools mentioned above, the Acheulean large tools assemblage also includes massive scrapers and massive denticulates, which comprise a small numer of tool types based on large flakes other than LCTs. Although quantities of Acheulean large tools were discovered in Dingcun site, Luonan Basin, Danjiangkou Reservoir Region, Baise (Bose) Basin and Piluo site etc. recently, there were still rarely reports mentioned about them in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Some scholars believed that a Pebble Tool Industry, Oldowan technology, Core and Flake techno-complex dominated the lithic technology dating from Early to Late Pleistocene in this area. Actually, the Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Anhui Province had discovered numerous Acheulean large tools in the open-air sites which located at the Shuiyangjiang River Basin, Chaohu Lake Region, Wanjiang River Basin and Xin’anjiang River Basin since the 1980’s, with unifacial handaxes, picks, massive scrapers and massive denticulates were the most common tool types during Middle Pleistocene. River cobbles, natural split cobbles and chunks were the most common tools blanks, with unifacial dominated tools shaping directions. Bifacial handaxes, cleavers and knives made on large flakes, which detached from large cores through cobble opening or sliced-slab methods, also existed in the Chaohu Lake Region from Middle to Late Pleistocene. In this paper, we will discuss much more details about 246 Acheulean large tools found in Anhui, especially on the chronology, raw material, type, blank, refinement index and shaping strategy. The combined characters of Acheulean large tools discovered in Anhui showed high variation compared with those found in other areas. The research bears great significance for studying the appearance, diffusion and variation of Acheulean technology in the lower reach of the Yangtze River and even China.

Key words: Anhui, Acheulean large tools, large flakes, handaxe, Middle Pleistocene

中图分类号:

K871

董哲, 战世佳. 安徽地区发现的阿舍利大型工具[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(06): 998-1008.

DONG Zhe, ZHAN Shijia. Acheulean large tools discovered in Anhui[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(06): 998-1008.

图/表 5

图1 本文涉及的主要遗址或地点地理位置示意图

Fig.1 Geographic location of mainly sites or localities mentioned in the article

图2 水阳江流域发现的阿舍利大型工具 1. XXB88273，手斧Handaxe；2. XP8722，单面手斧Unifacial handaxe；3. XXB88300，大型石刀Knife；4. XX8816，单面加工砾石手镐Unifacial cobble pick；5. 92XX1318，单面手斧Unifacial handaxe；6.XXT38807，单面加工砾石手镐Unifacial cobble pick

Fig.2 Acheulean large tools discovered in the Shuiyangjiang River Basin

图3 巢湖地区发现的阿舍利大型工具 1. ITN4E2-582，大型刮削器Massive scraper；2. CH88097B，手镐Pick；3. 19CHLJ2-400，薄刃斧Cleaver；4. ITN2E5-375，大型锯齿刃器Massive denticulate；5. CH88155B，薄刃斧Cleaver；6. CH8728，手斧Handaxe

Fig.3 Acheulean large tools discovered in the Chaohu Lake Region

图4 皖江流域发现的阿舍利大型工具 1. GC:013，手镐Pick；2. 94HNQL-249，手镐Pick；3. GC:015，手镐Pick；4. PHY9004-011，手斧Handaxe

Fig.4 Acheulean large tools discovered in the Wanjiang River Basin

表1 安徽地区与中国其他部分区域（或遗址）手斧测量数据的对比

Tab.1 The comparison of handaxes between Anhui and other regions (sites) in China

遗址（区域）Sites(Regions)	数量Quantity/n	厚度Thickness(cm)			质量Mass(g)			加工精细程度Refinement Index (Thickness / Width)
遗址（区域）Sites(Regions)	数量Quantity/n	Mean	SD	Median	Mean	SD	Median	Mean	SD	Median
水阳江Shuiyangjiang	27	8.74	1.89	8.30	1688.52	108.72	1445.00	0.73	0.16	0.75
巢湖Chaohu	7	4.59	1.50	4.40	605.00	257.63	560.00	0.48	0.16	0.54
皖江Wanjiang	3	7.93	1.92	7.60	1545.67	750.10	1217.00	0.64	0.08	0.68
丁村Dingcun	10	4.41	2.01	4.00	/	/	/	0.65	0.17	0.68
丹江口库区T3阶地/DRR(T3)	45	4.55	1.05	4.50	929.00	394.81	844.00	0.46	0.10	0.45
丹江口库区T2阶地/DRR(T2)	21	5.15	2.52	4.70	848.19	284.45	830.00	0.50	0.23	0.44
洛南Luonan	236	5.84	1.35	5.89	979.00	470.61	946.50	0.61	0.14	0.60
百色Baise	64	7.31	1.23	7.40	/	/	/	0.62	0.13	0.62
枫树岛采集Fengshudao/S	99	6.74	1.40	6.74	1132.33	485.64	1062.00	0.58	0.13	0.57
枫树岛发掘Fengshudao/E	5	7.67	1.53	7.65	1105.20	453.97	1054.00	0.71	0.10	0.73

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