湖南侗族成人皮褶厚度及其体成分

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用人体测量法对749名湖南侗族成人（男304人，女445人）皮褶厚度及体成分进行评价。侗族成人皮褶小腿内侧最薄，髂前上棘最厚；女性各项皮褶厚度值在大多数年龄段均显著高于男性；各年龄组中男性体密度、瘦体质量及其指数值高于女性，体脂率、脂肪质量及其指数值低于女性；随年龄增长，侗族男性皮褶厚度、体脂率、脂肪质量、瘦体质量值逐渐减小，体密度值逐渐增大；女性除小腿内侧皮褶总体呈下降趋势外，各项皮褶及体脂率、体质量指数、脂肪质量及其指数、瘦体质量及其指数值均先增后减，体密度值先减后增；与国内21个族群比较，侗族成人皮褶处于中等偏厚水平，与蒙古族相近，并具有南方族群特点；侗族男性脂肪发育水平和肥胖程度高于土家族，女性两民族脂肪发育水平相近。

关键词: 侗族, 皮褶厚度, 体成分, 人体测量法, 湖南

Abstract:

In this project, anthropometric measurement was used to measure the height, body weight and four skinfold thickness of 749 Hunan Dong adults (304 males and 445 females), and body density, body fat percentage, fat mass, fat mass index, lean body mass and lean body mass index were calculated according to the formula. The results showed that both men and women of the Dong ethnic group had the thinnest thickness of the medial skinfold of the calf and the thickest thickness of the anterior superior iliac spinous skinfold. The thickness of the trunk skinfold in males is higher than that of the extremities; Except for the subscapular skinfold and anterior superior iliac spinous skinfold in the 20-year-old group, the thickness of each skinfold in women was significantly higher than that in men at all ages, and the difference was statistically significant. In each age group, the body density, lean body mass and lean body mass index values of males were higher than those of females, and the values of body fat percentage, fat mass and fat mass index were lower than those of females. With the increase of age, the thickness of the four skinfolds, body fat percentage, fat mass and lean body mass values of Dong males gradually decreased, and the body density value gradually increased. In women, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, anterior superior iliac spinous skinfold, body fat percentage, body mass index, fat mass and fat mass index, lean body mass and lean body mass index increased first and then decreased, body density decreased first and then increased, and the thickness of the inner calf skinfold generally showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the other 21 ethnic groups in China, the triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and anterior superior iliac spinous skinfold of Dong men were relatively thick, while the medial calf skinfold was at a moderately thick level. The thickness of the anterior superior iliac spinous fold in Dong women was thicker, and the thickness of the other three skinfolds was at the moderate to thick level. The skinfold characteristics of males and females of the Dong ethnic group in Hunan were similar to those of the Mongolian Dulbert tribe, the Xinjiang Mongolian Chahar tribe, and the Xinjiang Mongolian Turgat tribe, and had the characteristics of the southern ethnic group. The fat development level and obesity level of Dong men were higher than those of Tujia men, and the fat development level of women was relatively close.

Key words: Dong, skinfold thickness, body composition, anthropometric method, Hunan

中图分类号:

Q984

王启蒙, 覃大保, 张惠娟, 邓翔, 黄大元. 湖南侗族成人皮褶厚度及其体成分[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(02): 322-332.

WANG Qimeng, QIN Dabao, ZHANG Huijuan, DENG xiang, HUANG Dayuan. Skinfold thickness and body composition of the Dong adults in Hunan[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(02): 322-332.

图/表 8

参考文献 41

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年龄组 Age group	男性Male					女性Female
年龄组 Age group	n	d_g	d_j	d_q	d_x	n	d_g	d_j	d_q	d_x
20s	48	13.02±1.29	15.89±1.30	21.63±1.41	11.83±1.27	52	17.63±1.32^**	15.23±1.30	19.35±1.42	13.33±1.37^*
30s	51	11.93±1.51	15.64±1.46	19.76±1.72	10.44±1.42	60	18.09±1.21^**	16.10±1.25	20.91±1.28	13.35±1.34^**
40s	46	11.64±1.47	14.95±1.38	19.33±1.75	10.60±1.43	86	18.45±1.31^**	17.35±1.32^**	23.09±1.41^*	12.92±1.36^**
50s	50	11.86±1.48	13.52±1.36	19.57±1.52	9.69±1.49	91	17.64±1.34^**	17.41±1.31^**	22.26±1.42	12.30±1.35^**
60s	66	10.82±1.47	13.13±1.41	15.12±1.59	8.86±1.43	94	17.46±1.42^**	15.58±1.47^**	21.25±1.38^**	12.35±1.48^**
70s	43	9.47±1.50	11.31±1.50	13.79±1.59	8.60±1.44	62	14.41±1.41^**	13.93±1.38^**	16.39±1.45^*	10.50±1.41^**
总体Total	304	11.41±1.47	13.98±1.43	17.89±1.64	9.90±1.44	445	17.32±1.36^**	16.05±1.36^**	20.75±1.42^**	12.41±1.40^**
F		3.839^＃	6.753^＃	6.993^＃	5.828^＃		5.854^＃	5.696^＃	9.286^＃	4.531^＃
P		0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

年龄组 Age group	男性Male					女性Female
年龄组 Age group	n	d_g	d_j	d_q	d_x	n	d_g	d_j	d_q	d_x
20s	48	13.02±1.29	15.89±1.30	21.63±1.41	11.83±1.27	52	17.63±1.32^**	15.23±1.30	19.35±1.42	13.33±1.37^*
30s	51	11.93±1.51	15.64±1.46	19.76±1.72	10.44±1.42	60	18.09±1.21^**	16.10±1.25	20.91±1.28	13.35±1.34^**
40s	46	11.64±1.47	14.95±1.38	19.33±1.75	10.60±1.43	86	18.45±1.31^**	17.35±1.32^**	23.09±1.41^*	12.92±1.36^**
50s	50	11.86±1.48	13.52±1.36	19.57±1.52	9.69±1.49	91	17.64±1.34^**	17.41±1.31^**	22.26±1.42	12.30±1.35^**
60s	66	10.82±1.47	13.13±1.41	15.12±1.59	8.86±1.43	94	17.46±1.42^**	15.58±1.47^**	21.25±1.38^**	12.35±1.48^**
70s	43	9.47±1.50	11.31±1.50	13.79±1.59	8.60±1.44	62	14.41±1.41^**	13.93±1.38^**	16.39±1.45^*	10.50±1.41^**
总体Total	304	11.41±1.47	13.98±1.43	17.89±1.64	9.90±1.44	445	17.32±1.36^**	16.05±1.36^**	20.75±1.42^**	12.41±1.40^**
F		3.839^＃	6.753^＃	6.993^＃	5.828^＃		5.854^＃	5.696^＃	9.286^＃	4.531^＃
P		0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

性别Sex	项目 Index	年龄组Age group						总体Total	F	P
性别Sex	项目 Index	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s	70s	总体Total	F	P
男性M	ρ(kg/L)	1.057±0.008	1.057±0.012	1.059±0.011	1.060±0.009	1.062±0.009	1.065±0.011	1.060±0.010	5.030^＃	0.000
男性M	P_bf (%)	18.33%±3.22%	18.26%±4.84%	17.55%±4.30%	16.91%±3.79%	16.25%±3.72%	14.91%±4.31%	17.03%±4.18%	4.953^＃	0.000
	m_f (kg)	12.24±3.08	12.24±4.65	11.46±4.77	10.58±3.61	9.50±3.23	8.45±3.98	10.72±4.10	7.542^＃	0.000
	m_l (kg)	53.96±4.68	52.96±5.99	51.61±6.72	50.99±7.63	47.74±5.90	45.98±7.35	50.47±6.94	11.360^＃	0.000
	I_m (kg/m²)	23.53±1.82	23.84±3.44	23.72±3.61	23.39±2.59	23.05±3.22	22.02±3.99	23.27±3.20	1.997	0.079
	I_fm (kg/m²)	4.34±0.99	4.48±1.72	4.29±1.68	4.00±1.20	3.83±1.27	3.42±1.59	4.06±1.45	3.622^＃	0.003
	I_lm (kg/m²)	19.19±1.32	19.36±2.04	19.43±2.14	19.38±1.84	19.23±2.21	18.60±2.67	19.21±2.07	0.979	0.687
女性 F	ρ(kg/L)	1.044±0.011^**	1.043±0.007^**	1.040±0.011^**	1.041±0.012^**	1.043±0.014^**	1.050±0.011^**	1.043±0.012^**	5.936^＃	0.000
女性 F	P_bf (%)	23.44%±4.68%^**	23.88%±3.13%^**	25.13%±4.75%^**	24.78%±5.14%^**	24.03%±5.88%^**	21.09%±4.49%^**	23.90%±5.01%^**	5.904^＃	0.000
	m_f (kg)	12.66±4.60	12.58±2.53	13.80±4.08^**	13.31±4.71^**	12.37±4.96^**	9.58±2.98	12.51±4.36^**	8.421^＃	0.000
	m_l (kg)	40.00±4.18^**	39.81±3.85^**	40.14±4.99^**	39.22±4.62^**	37.47±5.23^**	35.01±3.77^**	38.61±4.88^**	12.843^＃	0.000
	I_m (kg/m²)	21.97±2.91^**	22.36±2.03^**	23.28±3.14	23.63±3.21	23.01±3.56	21.29±2.73	22.74±3.13^*	5.894^＃	0.000
	I_fm (kg/m²)	5.26±1.75^**	5.36±1.01^**	5.95±1.71^**	5.97±1.96^**	5.69±2.12^**	4.57±1.40^**	5.55±1.81^**	6.396^＃	0.000
	I_lm (kg/m²)	16.70±1.41^**	17.00±1.45^**	17.33±1.80^**	17.65±1.68^**	17.32±1.80^**	16.72±1.68^**	17.19±1.70^**	3.632^＃	0.003

性别Sex	项目 Index	年龄组Age group						总体Total	F	P
性别Sex	项目 Index	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s	70s	总体Total	F	P
男性M	ρ(kg/L)	1.057±0.008	1.057±0.012	1.059±0.011	1.060±0.009	1.062±0.009	1.065±0.011	1.060±0.010	5.030^＃	0.000
男性M	P_bf (%)	18.33%±3.22%	18.26%±4.84%	17.55%±4.30%	16.91%±3.79%	16.25%±3.72%	14.91%±4.31%	17.03%±4.18%	4.953^＃	0.000
	m_f (kg)	12.24±3.08	12.24±4.65	11.46±4.77	10.58±3.61	9.50±3.23	8.45±3.98	10.72±4.10	7.542^＃	0.000
	m_l (kg)	53.96±4.68	52.96±5.99	51.61±6.72	50.99±7.63	47.74±5.90	45.98±7.35	50.47±6.94	11.360^＃	0.000
	I_m (kg/m²)	23.53±1.82	23.84±3.44	23.72±3.61	23.39±2.59	23.05±3.22	22.02±3.99	23.27±3.20	1.997	0.079
	I_fm (kg/m²)	4.34±0.99	4.48±1.72	4.29±1.68	4.00±1.20	3.83±1.27	3.42±1.59	4.06±1.45	3.622^＃	0.003
	I_lm (kg/m²)	19.19±1.32	19.36±2.04	19.43±2.14	19.38±1.84	19.23±2.21	18.60±2.67	19.21±2.07	0.979	0.687
女性 F	ρ(kg/L)	1.044±0.011^**	1.043±0.007^**	1.040±0.011^**	1.041±0.012^**	1.043±0.014^**	1.050±0.011^**	1.043±0.012^**	5.936^＃	0.000
女性 F	P_bf (%)	23.44%±4.68%^**	23.88%±3.13%^**	25.13%±4.75%^**	24.78%±5.14%^**	24.03%±5.88%^**	21.09%±4.49%^**	23.90%±5.01%^**	5.904^＃	0.000
	m_f (kg)	12.66±4.60	12.58±2.53	13.80±4.08^**	13.31±4.71^**	12.37±4.96^**	9.58±2.98	12.51±4.36^**	8.421^＃	0.000
	m_l (kg)	40.00±4.18^**	39.81±3.85^**	40.14±4.99^**	39.22±4.62^**	37.47±5.23^**	35.01±3.77^**	38.61±4.88^**	12.843^＃	0.000
	I_m (kg/m²)	21.97±2.91^**	22.36±2.03^**	23.28±3.14	23.63±3.21	23.01±3.56	21.29±2.73	22.74±3.13^*	5.894^＃	0.000
	I_fm (kg/m²)	5.26±1.75^**	5.36±1.01^**	5.95±1.71^**	5.97±1.96^**	5.69±2.12^**	4.57±1.40^**	5.55±1.81^**	6.396^＃	0.000
	I_lm (kg/m²)	16.70±1.41^**	17.00±1.45^**	17.33±1.80^**	17.65±1.68^**	17.32±1.80^**	16.72±1.68^**	17.19±1.70^**	3.632^＃	0.003

项目 Index	男性 Male					女性 Female
项目 Index	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s
d_g	-1.09	-0.29	0.22	-1.04	-1.35	0.46	0.36	-0.81	-0.18	-3.05^**
d_j	-0.25	-0.69	-1.43	-0.39	-1.82^*	0.87	1.25	0.06	-1.83^*	-1.65
d_q	-1.87	-0.43	0.24	-4.45^**	-1.33	1.56	2.18^*	-0.83	-1.01	-4.86^**
d_x	-1.39^*	0.16	-0.91	-0.83	-0.26	0.02	-0.43	-0.62	0.05	-1.85^**
ρ	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.003	0.001	0.002	0.007^**
P_bf	-0.07	-0.71	-0.64	-0.66	-1.34	0.44	1.25	-0.35	-0.75	-2.94^**
m_f	0.00	-0.78	-0.88	-1.08	-1.05	-0.08	1.22^*	-0.49	-0.94	-2.79^**
m_l	-1.00	-1.35	-0.62	-3.25^*	-1.76	-0.19	0.33	-0.92	-1.75^*	-2.46^**
I_m	0.31	-0.12	-0.33	-0.34	-1.03	0.39	0.92^*	0.35	-0.62	-1.72^**
I_fm	0.14	-0.19	-0.29	-0.17	-0.41	0.10	0.59^*	0.02	-0.28	-1.12^**
I_lm	0.17	0.07	-0.05	-0.15	-0.63	0.30	0.33	0.32	-0.33	-0.60^*