内蒙古蒙古族人群肤纹的表型组

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0043

人类学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (02): 310-321.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0043

内蒙古蒙古族人群肤纹的表型组

甄文天¹(), 张海国¹^,², 杨海涛³, 谭婧泽¹, 乔辉¹, 袁子宇³, 臧俊³, 严明亮⁴, 王久存¹()

1.复旦大学生命科学院人类遗传学与人类学系，现代人类学教育部重点实验室，上海 200438
2.上海交通大学医学院基础医学院，上海 200025
3.复旦大学泰州健康科学研究院，泰州 225316
4.内蒙古师范大学研究生院，呼和浩特 010022

收稿日期:2025-01-26 修回日期:2025-05-18 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-17
通讯作者: 王久存，教授，主要从事皮肤表型组学研究。E-mail: jcwang@fudan.edu.cn
作者简介:甄文天，硕士研究生，主要从事体质人类学研究。E-mail: wtzhen22@m.fudan.edu.cn
基金资助:
上海市市级科技重大专项(2017SHZDZX01);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91631105)

Dermatoglyphic phenome of the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia

ZHEN Wentian¹(), ZHANG Haiguo¹^,², YANG Haitao³, TAN Jingze¹, QIAO Hui¹, YUAN Ziyu³, ZANG Jun³, YAN Mingliang⁴, WANG Jiucun¹()

1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Academy of Life Sciences, Fudan University,Shanghai 200438
2. School of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025
3. Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou 225316
4. Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022

Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-05-18 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肤纹由皮肤表面凸起的嵴线形成，包括指纹、掌纹和足纹，因其稳定性和唯一性而在人身识别、群体研究及疾病诊断等领域发挥重要作用。肤纹具有重要价值，其中足纹在特定疾病诊断中的信息贡献度可达25%，然而既往肤纹研究普遍缺乏足纹。本文以内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙古族群体为研究对象，首次系统采集并分析蒙古族的足纹样本。研究重点调查蒙古族的指纹、掌纹及足纹表型数据，并对其左右侧别的组合表型进行分析。通过对39个拥有足纹数据的民族进行聚类分析和主成分分析，揭示了中国人群可依据肤纹表型划分为南方群、北方群及中亚群；相关性分析表明同部位与跨部位的肤纹表型之间具有一定的规律。本研究结果不仅填补了蒙古族足纹研究的空白，同时使用含足纹的表型对中国的人群关系进行分析，为肤纹在个体识别、群体划分及疾病辅助诊断中的应用提供了理论基础。

关键词: 肤纹表型组, 指纹, 掌纹, 足纹, 蒙古族

Abstract:

Dermatoglyphics, formed by the raised ridge patterns on the skin surface, play a crucial role in personal identification, population genetics, and disease diagnosis. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of soleprint phenotypes in the Mongolian population. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of dermatoglyphic patterns in this population is presented, encompassing frequency distributions and combination characteristics across genders and bilateral sides. Specifically, we examined: 1) fingerprint patterns categorized as simple arch, tented arch, radial loop, ulnar loop, simple whorl, and double whorl; 2) palmprint phenotypes including the pattern in the thenar, hypothenar, interdigital regions II, III, IV, and their transitional regions (II/III, III/IV), along with the prevalence of simian lines, triple radial base lines, cdt triradius; 3) soleprint phenotypes in interdigital regions II, III, and IV, along with patterns observed in the hallucal region, hypothenar region, and calcar region. Our analysis in Mongolian population revealed distinct dermatoglyphic pattern distributions across different fingers: double whorl exhibited higher frequency in thumbs, radial loop predominated in index fingers, ulnar loop showed increased prevalence in middle and little fingers, and simple whorl were more common in ring fingers. Bilateral symmetry was observed in homologous fingers, demonstrating a significant tendency for pattern concordance. The pentadactyl pattern combinations exhibited non-random distribution characteristics. Regarding palmprint configurations, the highest frequency of true patterns was observed in interdigital region IV. Soleprint analysis indicated a predominance of loop pattern on the hallucal region, with arch patterns showing relatively lower frequency. Through cluster analysis and principal component analysis of 39 Chinese ethnic groups with complete soleprint phenotypes, we have identified three distinct population clusters: Southern, Northern, and Central Asian groups, based on dermatoglyphic phenotypes. Intra-site phenotypic correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between fingerprint patterns, as well as between true patterns in palmprint and soleprint interdigital regions. Cross-site analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between total fingerprint ridge count (TFRC) and palm a-b ridge count (a-b RC), suggesting that populations with higher TFRC tend to exhibit increased ridge counts in the a-b interdigital region. Furthermore, significant correlations were identified between palmar and plantar interdigital regions, with palm interdigital regions showing the highest frequency of true pattern occurrence. These interregional associations warrant further investigation as potential focal points for future research. Notably, soleprint demonstrate significant diagnostic value, contributing up to 25% of the discriminative information in specific disease identification. This study not only fills the gap in the study of Mongolian soleprints, but also provides a theoretical basis for the application of dermatoglyphics in individual identification, population discriminant, and auxiliary diagnosis of diseases.

Key words: dermatoglyphics phenomics, fingerprint, palmprint, soleprint, Mongolian

中图分类号:

Q984

甄文天, 张海国, 杨海涛, 谭婧泽, 乔辉, 袁子宇, 臧俊, 严明亮, 王久存. 内蒙古蒙古族人群肤纹的表型组[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(02): 310-321.

ZHEN Wentian, ZHANG Haiguo, YANG Haitao, TAN Jingze, QIAO Hui, YUAN Ziyu, ZANG Jun, YAN Mingliang, WANG Jiucun. Dermatoglyphic phenome of the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(02): 310-321.

图/表 13

参考文献 37

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表型Phenotype	分型Subtype	组合Combination		男性Male		女性Female		合计Total
表型Phenotype	分型Subtype	左侧Left	右侧Right	数量n	频率Frequency	数量n	频率Frequency	数量n	频率Frequency
掌通贯手Palm simian line	(1)	+	+	7	3.20%	9	2.26%	16	2.59%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	4	1.01%	10	1.62%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	5	1.26%	8	1.30%
掌川字掌Palm triple radial base line	(1)	+	+	6	2.74%	26	6.53%	32	5.19%
	(2)	+	--	4	1.83%	23	3.30%	27	4.38%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	14	3.52%	17	2.76%
掌缺c三角Palm lack of c triangle	(1)	+	+	0	0	6	1.51%	6	0.97%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	7	1.76%	13	2.11%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	7	1.76%	10	1.62%
掌缺d三角Palm lack of d triangle	(1)	+	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
	(2)	+	--	1	0.46%	0	0	1	0.16%
	(3)	--	+	1	0.46%	0	0	1	0.16%
掌 t 三角 ≥ 2Palm t triangle ≥ 2	(1)	+	+	4	1.83%	6	1.51%	10	1.62%
	(2)	+	--	3	1.37%	5	1.27%	8	1.30%
	(3)	--	+	9	4.11%	10	2.51%	19	3.08%
掌IV 2枚真实花纹Palm IV two true pattern	(1)	+	+	1	0.46%	1	0.25%	2	0.32%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	16	4.02%	22	3.57%
	(3)	--	+	0	0	1	0.25%	1	0.16%
掌II/III跨区纹Palm cross the district II/III	(1)	+	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
	(2)	+	--	0	0	1	0.25%	1	0.16%
	(3)	--	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
掌III/IV跨区纹Palm cross the district III/IV	(1)	+	+	2	0.91%	4	1.01%	6	0.97%
	(2)	+	--	14	6.39%	11	2.76%	25	4.05%
	(3)	--	+	14	6.39%	20	5.03%	34	5.51%

表型Phenotype	分型Subtype	组合Combination		男性Male		女性Female		合计Total
表型Phenotype	分型Subtype	左侧Left	右侧Right	数量n	频率Frequency	数量n	频率Frequency	数量n	频率Frequency
掌通贯手Palm simian line	(1)	+	+	7	3.20%	9	2.26%	16	2.59%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	4	1.01%	10	1.62%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	5	1.26%	8	1.30%
掌川字掌Palm triple radial base line	(1)	+	+	6	2.74%	26	6.53%	32	5.19%
	(2)	+	--	4	1.83%	23	3.30%	27	4.38%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	14	3.52%	17	2.76%
掌缺c三角Palm lack of c triangle	(1)	+	+	0	0	6	1.51%	6	0.97%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	7	1.76%	13	2.11%
	(3)	--	+	3	1.37%	7	1.76%	10	1.62%
掌缺d三角Palm lack of d triangle	(1)	+	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
	(2)	+	--	1	0.46%	0	0	1	0.16%
	(3)	--	+	1	0.46%	0	0	1	0.16%
掌 t 三角 ≥ 2Palm t triangle ≥ 2	(1)	+	+	4	1.83%	6	1.51%	10	1.62%
	(2)	+	--	3	1.37%	5	1.27%	8	1.30%
	(3)	--	+	9	4.11%	10	2.51%	19	3.08%
掌IV 2枚真实花纹Palm IV two true pattern	(1)	+	+	1	0.46%	1	0.25%	2	0.32%
	(2)	+	--	6	2.74%	16	4.02%	22	3.57%
	(3)	--	+	0	0	1	0.25%	1	0.16%
掌II/III跨区纹Palm cross the district II/III	(1)	+	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
	(2)	+	--	0	0	1	0.25%	1	0.16%
	(3)	--	+	0	0	0	0	0	0
掌III/IV跨区纹Palm cross the district III/IV	(1)	+	+	2	0.91%	4	1.01%	6	0.97%
	(2)	+	--	14	6.39%	11	2.76%	25	4.05%
	(3)	--	+	14	6.39%	20	5.03%	34	5.51%

	弓A			箕L			斗W
	简弓As	帐弓At	总计Total	尺箕Lu	桡箕Lr	总计Total	简斗Ws	双箕斗Wd	总计Total
男性Male	0.82%	0.41%	1.23%	48.45%	4.57%	53.02%	41.78%	3.97%	45.75%
女性Female	1.68%	0.23%	1.91%	50.63%	2.89%	53.52%	41.45%	3.12%	44.57%
合计Total	1.38%	0.29%	1.67%	49.86%	3.48%	53.34%	41.57%	3.42%	44.99%

	弓A			箕L			斗W
	简弓As	帐弓At	总计Total	尺箕Lu	桡箕Lr	总计Total	简斗Ws	双箕斗Wd	总计Total
男性Male	0.82%	0.41%	1.23%	48.45%	4.57%	53.02%	41.78%	3.97%	45.75%
女性Female	1.68%	0.23%	1.91%	50.63%	2.89%	53.52%	41.45%	3.12%	44.57%
合计Total	1.38%	0.29%	1.67%	49.86%	3.48%	53.34%	41.57%	3.42%	44.99%

类型Type		左侧 Left						右侧Right
类型Type		简弓As	帐弓At	尺箕Lu	桡箕Lr	简斗Ws	双箕斗Wd	简弓As	帐弓At	尺箕Lu	桡箕Lr	简斗Ws	双箕斗Wd
男性Male	大指	1.83%	0	43.37%	0.46%	42.47%	11.87%	0.91%	0	32.88%	0.91%	57.54%	7.76%
	食指	1.83%	0.91%	41.55%	11.87%	39.73%	4.11%	1.37%	1.37%	31.05%	21.92%	39.72%	4.57%
	中指	0.91%	0.91%	60.74%	1.37%	31.96%	4.11%	1.37%	0.46%	57.99%	3.65%	34.70%	1.83%
	环指	0	0	41.10%	0	57.07%	1.83%	0	0	29.68%	3.65%	65.76%	0.91%
	小指	0	0.46%	77.17%	0.46%	19.63%	2.28%	0	0	68.95%	1.37%	29.22%	0.46%
女性Female	大指	3.02%	0.25%	44.72%	2.01%	39.45%	10.55%	1.76%	0	36.18%	0.75%	53.77%	7.54%
	食指	3.27%	0.25%	39.20%	10.30%	43.46%	3.52%	3.02%	0.25%	38.19%	11.31%	42.71%	4.52%
	中指	2.26%	0.75%	58.04%	1.76%	35.68%	1.51%	2.01%	0.75%	67.34%	0.25%	28.64%	1.01%
	环指	0.25%	0	38.69%	0.25%	60.31%	0.50%	0	0	36.43%	1.01%	62.31%	0.25%
	小指	0.75%	0	77.39%	0.25%	20.35%	1.26%	0.50%	0	70.12%	1.01%	27.87%	0.50%

内蒙古蒙古族人群肤纹的表型组

Dermatoglyphic phenome of the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia

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图/表 13

参考文献 37

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Metrics

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		右弓Right A	右箕Right L	右斗Right W	合计 Total
左侧Left	弓A	0.78%	1.04%	0.06%	1.88%
左侧Left	箕L	0.55%	42.72%	11.64%	54.91%
左侧Left	斗W	0.13%	8.01%	35.077%	43.21%
左侧Left	合计Total	1.46%	51.77%	46.77%	100.00%

序号Order	组合Combination			样本数量Quantity(n)			观察频率Observed	理论频率Expected	系数Coefficients	X²值/X² value	p值/p value
序号Order	弓Arch	箕Loop	斗Whorl	男性Male	女性Female	合计Total	观察频率Observed	理论频率Expected	系数Coefficients	X²值/X² value	p值/p value
1	0	0	5	57	90	147	11.91%	1.84%	1	96.10	**
2	0	1	4	60	121	181	14.67%	10.93%	5	7.40	**
3	0	2	3	74	127	201	16.29%	25.91%	10	33.74	**
4	0	3	2	85	142	227	18.40%	30.72	10	49.91	**
5	0	4	1	76	124	200	16.21%	18.21%	5	1.60
6	0	5	0	66	136	202	16.37%	4.32%	1	95.35	**
7	1	0	4	0	1	1	0.08%	0.34%	5	0.95
8	1	1	3	0	7	7	0.57%	1.62%	20	5.40	*
9	1	2	2	2	6	8	0.65%	2.88%	30	16.51	**
10	1	3	1	4	10	14	1.13%	2.28%	20	4.16	*
11	1	4	0	9	17	26	2.11%	0.68%	5	8.20	**
12	2	0	3	0	0	0	0	0.03%	10	1.51
13	2	1	2	0	1	1	0.08%	0.09%	30	0.37
14	2	2	1	0	2	2	0.16%	0.11%	30	0.03
15	2	3	0	3	9	12	0.97%	0.04%	10	8.81	**
16	3	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	10	48.06	**
17	3	1	1	1	0	1	0.08%	0	20	0
18	3	2	0	1	1	2	0.16%	0	10	0.48
19	4	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	5	4634.44	**
20	4	1	0	0	2	2	0.16%	0	5	0.50
21	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	625062.00	**
合计	35	35	35	438	796	1234	100.00%	100.00%	243	—	—

表型Phenotype		男性Male			女性Female			合计Total
表型Phenotype		左侧	右侧	双手	左侧	右侧	双手	合计Total
掌大鱼际Palm thenar	真实花纹True pattern	14.16%	4.11%	9.13%	9.30%	5.28%	7.29%	7.94%
第二指间区Palm II interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	0.91%	0.91%	0.91%	0.50%	0.50%	0.50%	0.65%
第三指间区Palm III interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	16.44%	36.99%	26.71%	18.34%	32.76%	25.50%	25.93%
第四指间区Palm IV interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	78.54%	60.27%	69.41%	78.14%	64.28%	71.48%	70.75%
掌小鱼际Palm hypothenar	真实花纹True pattern	16.44%	21.46%	18.95%	11.56%	16.83%	14.20%	15.88%
第二趾间区Sole II interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	5.02%	6.39%	5.71%	10.05%	9.80%	9.92%	8.43%
第三趾间区Sole III interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	62.10%	65.30%	63.70%	55.53%	59.80%	57.66%	59.81%
第四趾间区Sole IV interdigital	真实花纹True pattern	4.57%	7.76%	6.16%	2.76%	5.28%	4.02%	4.78%
足小鱼际区Sole hypothenar	真实花纹True pattern	10.96%	21.46%	16.21%	9.55%	14.32%	11.93%	13.45%
足跟Sole calcar	真实花纹True pattern	2.74%	3.20%	2.97%	1.01%	1.51%	1.26%	2.89%
足𧿹趾球弓Sole hallucal arch	胫弓At	5.48%	3.65%	4.57%	5.53%	6.28%	5.90%	5.43%
足𧿹趾球弓Sole hallucal arch	其他弓Other arch	4.11%	3.66%	3.88%	4.52%	4.27%	4.40%	4.22%
足𧿹趾球箕Sole hallucal loop	远箕Ld	48.39%	55.71%	52.05%	57.79%	60.81%	59.30%	56.72%
足𧿹趾球箕Sole hallucal loop	其他箕Other loop	11.42%	12.33%	11.87%	11.81%	9.04%	10.43%	10.94%
足𧿹趾球斗Sole hallucal whorl	简斗Ws	30.14%	24.65%	27.40%	20.10%	19.35%	19.72%	22.45%
足𧿹趾球斗Sole hallucal whorl	其他斗Other whorl	0.46%	0	0.23%	0.25%	0.25%	0.25%	0.24%

	大鱼际纹Thenar			指间纹Interdigital									小鱼际Hypothenar
	大鱼际纹Thenar			第二指间区 II interdigital			第三指间区 III interdigital			第四指间区 IV interdigital			小鱼际Hypothenar
左侧Left	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--
右侧Right	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+
总计Total	23	45	7	2	2	2	80	27	129	353	130	36	56	26	58
占比Percent	3.73%	7.29%	1.13%	0.32%	0.32%	0.32%	12.97%	4.38%	20.91%	57.21%	21.03%	5.83%	9.08%	4.21%	9.40%

右侧Right →		指纹Fingerprint					掌纹 Palmprint						足纹 Soleprint
左侧Left ↓		TFRC	A	Lu	Lr	W	a-b RC	T/I	II	III	IV	H	A	L	W	II	III	IV	Hs	C
指纹Fingerprint	TFRC	1.00
	A	-0.48	1.00
	Lu	-0.43	0.52	1.00
	Lr	-0.05	0.30	0.17	1.00
	W	0.37	-0.66	-0.90	-0.47	1.00
掌纹Palmprint	a-b RC	0.73	-0.18	-0.17	0.09	0.03	1.00
	T/I	0.31	-0.17	-0.12	0.28	0.07	0.33	1.00
	II	0.04	0.04	-0.01	0.17	-0.11	0.16	0.36	1.00
	III	0.15	-0.12	-0.04	0.26	-0.14	0.13	0.39	0.68	1.00
	IV	0.04	-0.34	-0.21	-0.11	0.30	-0.06	0.00	-0.49	-0.41	1.00
	H	0.33	-0.08	-0.08	0.37	-0.14	0.42	0.57	0.48	0.64	-0.10	1.00
足纹Soleprint	A	0.30	-0.09	-0.25	-0.01	0.22	-0.13	-0.06	-0.21	0.10	0.12	0.04	1.00
	L	-0.26	0.11	0.25	0.11	-0.25	-0.15	-0.26	-0.13	-0.01	0.23	0.15	-0.18	1.00
	W	0.06	-0.06	-0.10	-0.09	0.11	0.23	0.27	0.26	-0.04	-0.28	-0.15	-0.46	-0.79	1.00
	II	0.14	-0.11	-0.11	0.16	-0.01	0.10	0.51	0.66	0.72	-0.38	0.66	0.04	-0.12	0.10	1.00
	III	0.32	-0.33	-0.31	0.06	0.22	0.37	0.44	0.37	0.36	-0.24	0.65	-0.08	-0.12	0.17	0.61	1.00
	IV	-0.28	0.26	0.20	0.10	-0.25	-0.02	0.12	0.50	0.21	-0.55	0.24	-0.42	-0.16	0.39	0.36	0.44	1.00
	Hs	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.30	-0.25	0.07	0.16	0.11	0.59	0.24	0.49	0.36	0.34	-0.54	0.15	-0.16	-0.23	1.00
	C	0.18	-0.17	-0.14	0.27	-0.04	0.17	0.47	0.12	0.37	0.03	0.57	0.09	0.01	-0.05	0.49	0.49	0.14	0.23	1.00

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	𧿹球纹 Hallucal			趾间纹 Interdigital									小鱼际Hypothenar
	弓A	箕L	斗W	第二趾间区 II interdigital			第三趾间区 III interdigital			第四趾间区 IV interdigital			小鱼际Hypothenar
左侧Left	+	+	+	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--
右侧Right	+	+	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+
合计Total	22	313	103	30	21	23	316	41	65	15	6	1	55	7	49
占比Percent	3.57%	50.73%	16.69%	4.85%	3.40%	3.72%	51.20%	6.64%	10.53%	2.43%	0.97%	0.16%	8.91%	1.13%	7.94%

	𧿹球纹 Hallucal			趾间纹 Interdigital									小鱼际Hypothenar
	弓A	箕L	斗W	第二趾间区 II interdigital			第三趾间区 III interdigital			第四趾间区 IV interdigital			小鱼际Hypothenar
左侧Left	+	+	+	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--
右侧Right	+	+	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+	+	--	+
合计Total	22	313	103	30	21	23	316	41	65	15	6	1	55	7	49
占比Percent	3.57%	50.73%	16.69%	4.85%	3.40%	3.72%	51.20%	6.64%	10.53%	2.43%	0.97%	0.16%	8.91%	1.13%	7.94%