人类学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 978-988.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0090cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0090

• 元谋猿人遗址 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南元谋盆地老鸦塘旧石器遗址群调查报告

阮齐军1(), 张帅2, 李想3, 刘建辉1, 郭相奇4, 李俊5, 车德才6, 李俊仪1, 郑晓勇6, 永春7, 王珍珍7, 贾真秀2, 李浩2   

  1. 1.云南省文物考古研究所昆明 650206
    2.中国科学院青藏高原研究所古生态与人类适应团队, 青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室, 北京 100101
    3.北京联合大学考古研究院北京 100191
    4.云南省博物馆昆明 650200
    5.楚雄彝族自治州博物馆楚雄 675000
    6.元谋县文物管理所元谋 651300
    7.元谋人博物馆元谋 651300
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 接受日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-15
  • 作者简介:阮齐军,副研究馆员,主要从事旧石器时代考古研究。E-mail: ynruanqijun@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点文物保护专项补助资金;全国考古人才振兴计划项目(2024-278)

A preliminary report on the survey of Laoyatang Paleolithic site-complex in the Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province

RUAN Qijun1(), ZHANG Shuai2, LI Xiang3, LIU Jianhui1, GUO Xiangqi4, LI Jun5, CHE Decai6, LI Junyi1, ZHENG Xiaoyong6, YONG Chun7, WANG Zhenzhen7, JIA Zhenxiu2, LI Hao2   

  1. 1. Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650206
    2. Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
    3. Institute of Archaeology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191
    4. Yunnan Provincial Museum, Kunming 650200
    5. Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Museum, Chuxiong 675000
    6. Yuanmou County Cultural Relics Management Office, Yuanmou 651300
    7. Yuanmou Man Museum, Yuanmou 651300
  • Received:2025-02-05 Accepted:2025-04-02 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-15

摘要:

2022-2023年,元谋猿人遗址联合考古队在云南元谋盆地老鸦塘地区开展了系统调查,发现具有明确地层堆积的旧石器遗址8处,统称“老鸦塘旧石器遗址群”,共发现石制品391件。根据各地点地层沉积关系,可将老鸦塘遗址群调查发现地层关系明确的石制品划分为三个阶段:第一阶段石制品仅2件,整体技术面貌尚不明确,年代可能为中更新世或更早;第二阶段石制品133件,光释光初步测年结果为距今74 ka-72 ka;第三阶段石制品74件,光释光初步测年结果为距今56 ka-33 ka。此外,地表和扰乱堆积还发现各类石制品182件。石制品初步分析结果表明,老鸦塘遗址群第二和第三阶段石制品的技术特征相近,总体表现出权宜性的石核-石片技术面貌和特征。老鸦塘旧石器遗址群的发现,为构建元谋盆地继“元谋人”之后的古人类和旧石器文化演化序列,以及深入理解和认识西南地区晚更新世以来的人类演化历史提供了重要材料。

关键词: 元谋盆地, 老鸦塘旧石器遗址群, 晚更新世, 石核-石片工业, 人类演化

Abstract:

During 2022~2023, the joint archaeological team of the Yuanmou hominin site conducted a systematic investigation in the Laoyatang region of the Yuanmou Basin. In total, eight Paleolithic sites with clear strategraphy have been found, along with 391 stone artifacts. Together, we name them as the Laoyatang Paleolithic site-complex. According to the depostional relationship among different sites, we can divide all stone artifacts into three phases. The first phase contains only two pieces, and thus the technological feature is not clear. The age of the first phase likely falls in the Middle Pleistocene or earlier. The second phase contains 133 stone artifacts and has been dated to ca. 74 ka-72 ka based on OSL dating, while the third phase contains 74 stone artifacts and was dated to ca. 56 ka-33 ka by OSL method. In addition, 182 stone artifacts have been collected from both surface and disturbed deposits. Lithic technologies in the second and third phases are close to each other and show expedient core-flake tools industry in general. On one hand, the finding of the Laoyatang Paleolithic site-complex provides valuable materials for reconstructing the evolutionary sequence of humans and Paleolithic culture following the Yuanmou hominind, and on the other hand, it provides important materials for deepening our understanding of human evolutionary history in Southwest China during the Late Pleistocene.

Key words: Yuanmou Basin, Laoyadong Paleolithic site-complex, Late Pleistocene, Core-flake industry, Human evolution

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