广西娅怀洞遗址出土的玻璃陨石制品

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0049

人类学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 451-465.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0049cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0049

广西娅怀洞遗址出土的玻璃陨石制品

郭云浩¹(), 陈虹¹^,², 李大伟³, 谢光茂⁴^,⁵(), 薛理平¹

1.浙江大学艺术与考古学院，杭州 310028
2.浙江大学艺术与考古图像数据实验室，杭州 310028
3.广西民族大学科技史与科技研究院，南宁 530006
4.广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院，桂林 541001
5.广西文物保护与考古研究所，南宁 530003

收稿日期:2024-10-18 修回日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
通讯作者: 谢光茂，研究员，主要从事史前考古研究。E-mail: gmxie92@sina.com
作者简介:郭云浩，博士研究生，主要从事旧石器考古、微痕研究、骨制品研究。E-mail: 12240011@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD246)

Research on the tektite artifacts unearthed at the Yahuai Cave site in Guangxi

GUO Yunhao¹(), CHEN Hong¹^,², LI Dawei³, XIE Guangmao⁴^,⁵(), XUE Liping¹

1. School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028
2. Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028
3. Institute for History and Culture of Science & Technology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006
4. School of History, Culture and Tourism, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541001
5. Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology, Nanning 530003

Received:2024-10-18 Revised:2025-05-14 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广西史前遗址中常发现有玻璃陨石，但缺乏相关研究。本文首次系统地研究了广西娅怀洞遗址出土的玻璃陨石制品，深入探讨了这些玻璃陨石制品的成分组成、剥坯策略、修理逻辑、用途及后埋藏影响。研究结果表明，娅怀洞玻璃陨石与广西其他地区的玻璃陨石化学组成较为一致。在石器制作环节，遗址内的先民们采用砸击法和“打击-转向”剥片法两种剥坯策略，并根据实际需求采取了全面精细或局部的修理方法。埋藏学研究显示，玻璃陨石在埋藏过程中受到一定的磨蚀。使用功能方面，玻璃陨石制品主要与动物资源的开发利用相关。文章讨论了玻璃陨石的独特性及娅怀洞先民选择玻璃陨石制作工具的原因，指出它在古人工具套中的重要地位，认为玻璃陨石的利用反映了古人类在适应环境和经济策略选择方面的能力，同时为探讨南方地区石制品小型化趋势和现代人类扩散路径提供了新的视角和证据。

关键词: 玻璃陨石, 微痕分析, 娅怀洞, 石制品

Abstract:

Tektites are frequently discovered in prehistoric sites in Guangxi, yet research on the associated artifacts remains limited. This study conducts an in-depth archaeological analysis of the tektite artifacts unearthed at the Yahuai Cave site in Guangxi, exploring their role and significance in the lives of ancient humans. These tektite specimens originate from the Australasian strewn field and exhibit identical provenance to those tektites recovered from sedimentary strata within Baise Basin, Guangxi. Their formation correlates with the Australasian tektite event, dating to approximately 700,000~800,000 years before present. A comprehensive approach we employed that includes methods such as technological analysis, statistical analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXRF) analysis,and use-wear analysis to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics, flaking strategies, retouch logic, post-depositional modification, and usage conditions of the tektite assemblages.

The results of EDXRF analysis demenstrate that the tektites from the Yahuai Cave site are chemically consistent with those from surrounding areas. Regarding to the tool manufacturing, two flaking strategies were employed: the bipolar knapping and the "strike-rotate" knapping. Additionally, comprehensive and meticulous or localized retouched methods were adopted based on actual needs, demonstrating a profound understanding and adaptation to the material properties. It also reveals the optimization and improvement in stone tool manufacturing by ancient people. The evaluation of post-depositional modification indicates that the tektites experienced a certain degree of wear during the post-depositional process, but it did not significantly affect the use-wear traces of their surfaces.

The analysis of usage logic suggests that the use of tektites at the Yahuai Cave site was primarily related to the development and exploitation of animal resources, possibly closely associated with hunting and butchering activities. These findings not only provide new insights into the trend of miniaturization of stone artifacts in southern regions but also offer valuable information for understanding how ancient humans adapted to environmental changes, utilized resources, and the evolution of social structures.

Overall, this article discusses the uniqueness of these tektites and their prevalence in the Yahuai Cave site, highlighting their important role in ancient toolkits. The results suggests that the utilization of tektites reflects the ability of ancient humans to adapt to their environment and make economic strategy choices. Furthermore, it provides a new perspective and evidence for exploring both the trend of stone artifacts miniaturization in southern China and the dispersal routes of modern humans.

Key words: tektite artifacts, use-wear analysis, Yahuai Cave site, stone tools

中图分类号:

K871

郭云浩, 陈虹, 李大伟, 谢光茂, 薛理平. 广西娅怀洞遗址出土的玻璃陨石制品[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 451-465.

GUO Yunhao, CHEN Hong, LI Dawei, XIE Guangmao, XUE Liping. Research on the tektite artifacts unearthed at the Yahuai Cave site in Guangxi[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(03): 451-465.

图/表 7

图1 娅怀洞遗址地理位置、地层堆积剖面与发掘区分布图 a. 遗址位置图Location of the Yahuai Cave site；b. B区地层剖面图Stratigraphy of Area B；c. 发掘区分布图Excavated areas

Fig.1 The location, stratigraphy and excavated areas of Yahuai Cave site

图2 玻璃陨石早晚两期典型标本 a. Level 2-4，晚期late period；b. Level 5-24，早期early period。1. 2024LYT22，石片flake；2. 2024LYT5，刮削器scraper；3. 2024LYT108，砸击石核bipolar core；4. 2024LYT143，刮削器scraper；5.2024LYT14，石片flake；6. 2024LYT171，尖状器point；7. 2024LYT131，尖状器（尖折断）point（with a broken tip）；8. 2024LYT168，刮削器scraper；9. 2024LYT58，尖状器point；10. 2016 LYT1106-17-20，刮削器scraper；11. 2024LYT58，尖状器point；12. 2016 LYT1106-13-9，尖状器（尖折断）point（with a broken tip）；13. 2016 LYT1106-15-33，刮削器scraper；14. 2015 LYT0910-4-6，锤击石核hammered core；15. 2016 LYT1109-4-11，尖状器point；16. 2016 LYT1106-18-31，刮削器scraper

Fig.2 Typical specimens from the upper and lower cultural layers of tektite

图3 娅怀洞玻璃陨石长宽厚示意图 a.晚期late period；b.早期early period

Fig.3 Statistical diagram of the length, width, and thickness of the tektite artifacts

表1 娅怀洞遗址玻璃陨原料成分占比表

Tab.1 Composition of tektites from the Yahuai Cave site

标本号Sample No.→ 成分Composition ↓	2016T1008-18-13	2016LYT1206-9-15	2018LYBT1110-3-26	2016LYT1007-23-4
SiO₂	68.527%	69.315%	71.255%	70.525%
Fe₂O₃	10.92%	10.428%	9.278%	9.634%
Al₂O₃	10.586%	10.147%	10.083%	9.71%
K₂O	3.744%	3.909%	3.394%	4.079%
TiO₂	1.635%	1.54%	1.375%	1.46%
CaO	4.085%	4.257%	4.198%	4.232%
MnO	0.212%	0.199%	0.175%	0.178%
CuO	0.034%	0.029%	0.028%	0.023%
V₂O₅	0.063%		0.047%
Y₂O₃	0.015%	0.013%	0.013%	0.012%
Cr₂O₃	0.024%	0.031%	0.02%	0.024%
SrO	0.043%	0.04%	0.038%	0.038%
ZrO₂	0.099%	0.083%	0.086%	0.076%
Rb₂O	0.007%	0.008%	0.009%	0.008%
NbO	0.006%

图4 娅怀洞玻璃陨石砸击与修理微痕特征 1. 2016LYT1006-18-18，考古标本archaeological specimen (30×)；2. 2016LYT14，考古标本 archaeological specimen (50×)；3. 2024LYS1，实验标本experimental specimen (30×)；4. 2024LYS3，实验标本experimental specimen (50×)

Fig.4 Bipolar percussion and retouched traces on the tektiet artifacts from Yahuai Cave site

图5 “打击－转向”剥片模式示意图 1.单台面纵向剥片Single platform longitudinal debitage；2.双台面对向剥片Dual-platform opposing debitage；3.多台面多方位剥片Multi-platform multidirectional debitage。p. platfrom，台面。

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of three types of “Strike-Rotate” knapping modes

图 6 玻璃陨石制品考古与实验标本的微痕特征 1、2、4和5为刮干骨的微痕特征 Use-wear patterns resulting from scraping dry bone，3和6为刮干木的微痕特征 Use-wear patterns resulting from scrapering dry wood，7、8、10和11为钻干骨的微痕特征Use-wear patterns resulting from drilling dry bone，9和12为切肉类的微痕特征 Use-wear patterns resulting from cutting meat。 1. 2018LYBT1106-15-33，片疤scars，考古标本archaeological specimen (250×)；2. 2016LYT22，光泽polish，考古标本 archaeological specimen (2000×)；3. 2016LYT0807-14-2，考古标本 archaeological specimen (50×)；4. 2024LYS5，片疤scars，实验标本experimental specimen (250×)；5. 2024LYS6，光泽polish，实验标本experimental specimen (2000×)；6. 2024LYS9，实验标本 experimental specimen (50×)；7. 2016LYT164，磨圆rounding，考古标本archaeological specimen (100×)；8. 2016LYT164，光泽polish，考古标本archaeological specimen (1000×)；9. 2017LYT0914-5-79，考古标本archaeological specimen (100×)；10. 2024LYS7，磨圆rounding，实验标本 experimental specimen (200×)；11. 2024LYS7，光泽polish，实验标本experimental specimen (1000×)；12. 2024LYS8，实验标本experimental specimen (100×)

Fig.6 Use-wear patterns resulting of archaeological and experimental tektite artifact specimens

参考文献 33

[1]	陈宏毅, 樊聪. 天外来客还是地球自生?——“玻璃陨石”成因谜团详解[J]. 地球, 2022, 5: 60-65
[2]	何贤伟, 张林. 雷公墨称谓创立作者及其年代辨析[J]. 中国矿业, 2023, 32(S2): 128-131
[3]	潘卿, 肖智勇. 华南地区澳大利亚-亚洲远撞击溅射玻璃的磁学性质研究[J]. 地球科学, 2024, 49(8): 2766-2788
[4]	Hou YM. Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean-like Stone Technology of the Bose Basin, South China[J]. Science, 2000, 287(5458): 1622-1626 pmid: 10698732
[5]	王頠, 莫进尤, 黄志涛. 广西百色盆地大梅南半山遗址发现与玻璃陨石共生的手斧[J]. 科学通报, 2006, 18: 2161-2165
[6]	朱照宇, 周厚云, 乔玉楼, 等. 华南玻璃陨石的原生层位及其事件地层学意义[J]. 地质力学学报, 2001, 4: 296-302
[7]	王幼平. 砾石工业传统与华南旧石器晚期文化[J]. 南方文物, 2021, 1: 91-97
[8]	卢杰英. 隆安娅怀洞遗址保护与利用探讨[J]. 广西民族师范学院学报, 2021, 38(4): 13-18
[9]	谢光茂, 余明辉, 卢杰英. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(3): 365-388
[10]	赵文丫. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址动物遗存鉴定及分析[D]. 硕士研究生毕业论文, 济南: 山东大学, 2018
[11]	宋艳波, 谢光茂, 赵文丫. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址出土动物遗存初步研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 2020, 40(2): 344-346+348-353
[12]	Wu Y, Xie GM, Mao LM, et al. Phytolith evidence for human-plant subsistence in Yahuai Cave (Guangxi, South China) over the past 30000 years[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2020, 11: 1745-1757
[13]	王小庆. 石器使用痕迹显微观察的研究[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2008
[14]	陈虹. 鉴微寻踪:旧石器时代石英岩石制品的微痕与功能研究[M]. 杭州: 浙江大学出版社, 2020
[15]	Keeley LH. Experimental determination of stone tool uses: a microwear analysis[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980
[16]	黄志涛, 张成江. 广西玻璃陨石的微量元素地球化学特征[J]. 矿物岩石, 2002, 1: 46-48
[17]	李颖, 周振宇, 杨益民, 等. 广西邕宁顶蛳山遗址出土黑色石料材质的光谱无损分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(1): 253-257
[18]	黄志涛, 张成江. 广西玻璃陨石的微量元素地球化学特征[J]. 矿物岩石, 2002, 1: 46-48
[19]	陕西省考古研究所, 大荔县文管会.陕西大荔县发现的早期旧石器文化遗存[J]. 考古与文物, 1994, 1: 1-20
[20]	张森水, 周春茂. 大荔人化石地点第二次发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 1984, 3(1): 19-29
[21]	Whittaker JC. Flintknapping: making and understanding stone tools[M]. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994
[22]	杨霞, 陈虹. 石制品后埋藏微痕的实验研究述评[J]. 东南文化, 2017, 3: 20-26
[23]	刘吉颖. 浙江紫金山遗址燧石制品的功能研究[D]. 硕士研究生毕业论文, 杭州: 浙江大学, 2017
[24]	Chen H, Wang J, Lian HR, et al. An experimental case of bone-working use wear on quartzite artifacts[J]. Quaternary International, 2015, 434(A): 129-137
[25]	Liu JY, Chen H. An experimental case of wood-working use-wear on quartzite artefacts[J]. Documenta Praehistorica, 2016, 43: 507
[26]	王幼平. 现代人扩散南线的考古学观察[J]. 南方文物, 2023, 3: 147-156
[27]	王幼平. 南方晚更新世晚期人类行为复杂化的个案——江西万年吊桶环遗址的发现[J]. 人类学学报, 2016, 35(3): 397-406
[28]	周玉端. 柳州白莲洞遗址石器工业的技术分析[D]. 硕士研究生毕业论文, 武汉: 武汉大学, 2017
[29]	程立文. 岭南地区旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代打制石器初步研究[D]. 硕士研究生毕业论文, 南宁: 广西师范大学, 2019
[30]	刘文. 柳州白莲洞、鲤鱼嘴遗址燧石石器[J]. 四川文物, 2008, 6: 36-38
[31]	王幼平. 砾石工业传统与华南旧石器晚期文化[J]. 南方文物, 2021, 1: 91-97
[32]	傅宪国, 李新伟, 李珍, 等. 广西邕宁县顶蛳山遗址的发掘[J]. 考古, 1998, 11: 11-33
[33]	陈虹, 孙明利, 唐锦琼. 苏州五峰北遗址磨制石器的“操作链”及“生命史”研究[J]. 考古, 2020, 11: 72-82

广西娅怀洞遗址出土的玻璃陨石制品

Research on the tektite artifacts unearthed at the Yahuai Cave site in Guangxi

在线阅读

PDF (PC)

附属材料

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 33

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	谢光茂, 林强, 余明辉, 卢杰英. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 365-388.
[2]	贺乐天, 谢光茂, 林强, 李大伟, 吴秀杰. 广西更新世晚期娅怀洞人的性别与年龄[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 389-403.
[3]	邓婉文, 谢颖. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址发现的小型石制品[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 413-426.
[4]	谢颖, 付琳. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址出土的穿孔石器[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 439-450.
[5]	李大伟, 周广超, 李凡, 崔景怡, 徐秀岚, 谢光茂, 贾真秀, 李浩. 广西娅怀洞遗址新发现赭石的初步研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 466-476.
[6]	胡章华, 陈洪波, 谢莉, 王雨晴, 谢光茂. 广西娅怀洞遗址出土的蚌器[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 477-487.
[7]	汪静怡, 赵志军, 谢光茂, 林强, 吴妍. 广西隆安娅怀洞遗址人类对植物的利用[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 488-498.
[8]	李浩, 谢光茂, 李大伟, 李三灵, 肖培源, 陈清懿, 王雨晴, 贾真秀, 吴雁, 卢杰英. 广西娅怀洞遗址B区出土的旧石器[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(03): 404-412.
[9]	李燊, 任雪岩, 刘连强, 杨石霞, 岳健平, 王法岗. 泥河湾盆地半山遗址2003年出土的石制品[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 193-200.
[10]	刘吉颖, 任海云, 杜水生. 山西下川富益河圪梁地点燧石制品的微痕分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 201-209.
[11]	彭菲, 陈果, 裴树文, 王惠民, 高星. 宁夏水洞沟第9地点发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 283-294.
[12]	孟浩琛, 陈国科, 周静, 刘冯军, 孙雪峰, 仝广, 支劲草, 李锋. 甘肃河西走廊南营水库旧石器时代遗址调查简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 295-300.
[13]	王潇玉, 高星. 勒瓦娄哇的剥片模式与技术组合[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(01): 1-13.
[14]	蔡馨毅, 杜水生. 山西下川遗址水井背地点石核的剥片技术[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(01): 14-26.
[15]	高黄文, 刘颖杰, 陆成秋, 孙雪峰, 黄旭初, 徐静玥. 湖北郧阳包包岭遗址2021年发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(05): 828-838.