安徽东至华龙洞1号地点中更新统蛇类化石

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安徽东至华龙洞是著名的中更新世晚期古人类活动遗址。本文对华龙洞遗址1号地点首次发现的一些蛇类头后骨骼化石进行了报道，通过与现生骨骼标本的对比研究，初步鉴定出3科、5属、6种，均可归为现生类群。并初步归纳了上述蛇类中段躯椎的属级鉴定特征。地理区系分析表明，这些蛇类按生态类型分别属于南中国型、东洋型和季风区型，以东洋热带型的黑网乌梢蛇（相似种）数量居多。该蛇类动物群的发现，表明在中更新世晚期时，安徽东至地区的气候可能较现今更为温暖和湿润。

关键词: 蛇类化石, 头后骨骼, 古气候, 中更新世晚期, 华龙洞

Abstract:

The Hualongdong Site in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, is a well-known Middle Pleistocene archaeological site in East Asia associated with late archaic hominin activities. Here we initially report several postcranial snake fossils that discovered from Loc.1. In this study, we conducted a preliminary identification of these specimens based on integrative osteological comparison between fossils and extant snakes. Three families, five genera, and six extant species were identified, which can be attributed to extant taxa. Diagnosis for each identified genus was summarized. The zoogeographic composition of the snake assemblage is primarily characterized by South China, Oriental, and Monsoonal elements. Among them, the Oriental tropical type Ptyas cf. carinata is most frequently recorded. The snake fauna might reveal a warmer and more humid climate in Hualongdong Site during the late Middle Pleistocene compared to the present.

Key words: Snake fossils, postcranial bones, paleoclimate, late Middle Pleistocene, Hualongdong

中图分类号:

Q915.86

史静耸, 胡海虔, 邓国栋, 金泽田. 安徽东至华龙洞1号地点中更新统蛇类化石[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(05): 850-861.

SHI Jingsong, HU Haiqian, DENG Guodong, JIN Zetian. Middle Pleistocene snakes from Hualongdong Site Loc.1, in Dongzhi County, Anhui[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(05): 850-861.

图/表 7

表1 本研究中的蛇类头后化石材料形态学度量（mm）

Tab.1 Morphological measurements of postcranial skeletal elements of fossil snakes used in this study

编号Voucher	物种Species	l_C	w_NA	l_C/w_NA	h_NS	d_V	h_NA/d_V	d_PR	d_PO	d_PR-PO	w_CT	h_CT	w_CT/h_CT	w_Z	w_Z/w_NA
HLD-SN-1*	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	7.7	5.8	1.33	8.4	12	0.70	~10.6	9.2	9.1	3.8	3.3	1.15	5.5	0.95
HLD-SN-2	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	8.9	6.3	1.41	8.8	12.9	0.68	12	11	10.6	4	3.8	1.05	6.2	0.98
HLD-SN-3	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	8.6	6.4	1.34	/	/	/	11.8	11.2	10.6	3.8	3.6	1.06	6.2	0.97
HLD-SN-4	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	8.6	7.2	1.19	8.4	13.4	0.63	12	11.3	10.2	4.2	3.9	1.08	6.4	0.89
HLD-SN-5	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	8.3	6.3	1.32	7	11.6	0.60	/	10.6	9.7	3.4	3.2	1.06	5.5	0.87
HLD-SN-6	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	5.3	4.7	1.13	/	/	/	8.4	7.9	7.6	3.2	3	1.07	4.2	0.89
HLD-SN-7	黑网乌梢蛇相似种 Ptyas cf. carinata	/	3.6	/	/	/	/	8	6.5	6	2.4	2.3	1.04	3.4	0.94
	平均值mean			1.29			0.62						1.07		0.91
HLD-SN-8*	王锦蛇Elaphe carinata	7.5	7.2	1.04	5.4	11.5	0.47	11.6	10.5	8.8	4	3.8	1.05	5.4	0.75
HLD-SN-9*	黑眉锦蛇Elaphe taeniura	5.1	4.8	1.06	3.4	7.4	0.46	8.4	8	5.6	2.9	2.4	1.21	4	0.83
HLD-SN-10*	黄链蛇 Lycodon flavozonatus	4.4	4	1.10	3.2	6.1	0.52	6.5	5.9	5.7	2.3	2.2	1.05	3.1	0.78
HLD-SN-11	黄链蛇 Lycodon flavozonatus	4.3	3.8	1.13	2.4	5.1	0.47	/	5.5	5.2	2	1.9	1.05	2.9	0.76
	平均值mean			1.12			0.50						1.05		0.77
HLD-SN-12*	短尾蝮 Gloydius brevicauda	3.5	2.2	1.59	1.4	2.8	0.50	4.1	3.7	3.9	1.4	1.2	1.17	1.9	0.86
HLD-SN-13*	颈槽蛇相似种 Rhabdophis cf. nuchalis	3	1.8	1.67	/	/	/	3.6	3.2	3.6	1.1	1	1.10	1.7	0.94

图1 华龙洞黑网乌梢蛇化石（上）与现生黑网乌梢蛇（下）中段躯椎 A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-01；下.标本号HLD-SN-PC-3，产地云南西部

Fig.1 Middle trunk vertebra of fossil (top) and extant (bottom) Ptyas cf. carinata

图2 华龙洞王锦蛇化石（上）与现生王锦蛇（下）中段躯椎 A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-08；下.标本号IVPP OV 2296

Fig.2 Middle trunk vertebra of fossil (top) and extant (bottom) Elaphe carinata

图3 华龙洞黑眉锦蛇化石（上）与现生黑眉锦蛇（下）中段躯椎 A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-09，发现于华龙洞1号地点；下.标本号IVPP OV 2298，第110枚

Fig.3 Middle trunk vertebra of fossil (top) and extant (bottom) Elaphe taeniura

图4 华龙洞黄链蛇化石后段颈椎（上）与现生黄链蛇前段躯椎（下） A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-10；下.标本号HLD-SN-LF1，产地浙江龙泉

Fig.4 Posterior cervical vertebra fossil (top) and Anterior-middle trunk vertebra extant (bottom) of Lycodon flavozonatus

图5 华龙洞短尾蝮化石（上）与现生短尾蝮（下）中段躯椎 A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-12；下.标本号HLD-SN-DZ01，产地山东

Fig.5 Middle trunk vertebra of fossil (top) and extant (bottom) Gloydius brevicauda

图6 华龙洞颈槽蛇相似种化石（上）与现生颈槽蛇（下）中段躯椎 A, a.侧视lateral view；B, b.背视dorsal view；C, c.腹视ventral view；D, d.前视anterior view；E, e.后视posterior view 上.标本号HLD-SN-13；下.标本号IVPP OV 2312，产地四川

Fig.6 Middle trunk vertebra of fossil (top) Rhabdophis cf. nuchalis and extant (bottom) Rhabdophis nuchalis

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