泥河湾盆地蔚县北官堡遗址B地点的埋藏过程

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2026.0028

人类学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03): 556-569.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2026.0028cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2026.0028

泥河湾盆地蔚县北官堡遗址B地点的埋藏过程

刘子仪¹^,²^,³(), 耿帅杰¹^,²^,³, 丁馨¹^,², 徐静玥¹^,²^,³, 叶芷¹^,²^,³, 牛东伟⁴, 裴树文¹^,²()

¹ 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室，北京 100044
² 旧石器时代人类演化与遗传国家文物局重点科研基地，北京 100044
³ 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
⁴ 河北师范大学历史文化学院考古学系，石家庄 050024

收稿日期:2026-01-26 接受日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-12
通讯作者: 裴树文，研究员，主要从事旧石器时代考古与地质考古研究。E-mail: peishuwen@ivpp.ac.cn
作者简介:刘子仪，硕士研究生，主要从事旧石器时代考古研究。E-mail: liuziyi@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42371165)

Taphonomic history of Beiguanbu site Loc. B at Yuxian, Nihewan Basin

LIU Ziyi¹^,²^,³(), GENG Shuaijie¹^,²^,³, DING Xin¹^,², XU Jingyue¹^,²^,³, YE Zhi¹^,²^,³, NIU Dongwei⁴, PEI Shuwen¹^,²()

¹ Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
² Key Scientific Research Base on Paleolithic Human Evolution and Paleogenetics (IVPP), SACH, Beijing 100044
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
⁴ Department of Archaeology, College of History and Culture, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024

Received:2026-01-26 Accepted:2026-03-19 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥河湾古湖发育末期古人类遗址的保存与埋藏特点尚有待揭示。本文对新近发现与发掘的蔚县暖泉北官堡B地点的遗址埋藏过程进行分析，地貌和沉积物特点表明，该地点埋藏于壶流河北岸的暖泉湖积台地内，文化遗存在泥河湾古湖消亡前的粉砂层内。光释光年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动的时间大致在距今21万年前，处于中更新世晚期。遗物埋藏学（石制品磨圆程度、尺寸分布和技术组合）、空间分析（核密度估计）和组构分析（标本走向与特征向量）显示，中等强度的湖滨片流参与了北官堡遗址B地点的埋藏过程，对古人类技术组合的整体完整性造成了扰动。本研究表明，受气候等因素影响，泥河湾古湖发育后期规模萎缩，湖滨地带多受到地表径流的改造，古人类选择相对稳定的湖滨地貌景观活动，湖滨片流参与遗址后续的形成过程。对北官堡遗址B地点的进一步研究，有助于正确解读古人类的遗址利用方式与生存策略，同时对完善泥河湾盆地古人类对湖泊发育末期地貌景观的利用策略具有重要意义。

关键词: 遗址形成过程, 湖滨环境, 中更新世晚期, 北官堡, 泥河湾盆地

Abstract:

The relationship between the evolution of the Nihewan paleolake and early human activities has long been a focal issue in Paleolithic research. However, the preservation conditions and site formation processes of Paleolithic sites formed during the terminal stage of the lake development remain insufficiently understood. This study focuses on the newly discovered and excavated Paleolithic site of Beiguanbu Loc. B (BGB-B) and aims to decipher its taphonimic history. The BGB-B site is located in the Nuanquan Platform of Yuxian County, Hebei Province. The archaeological remains are preserved within silt deposits that were formed prior to the final extinction of the Nihewan paleolake. Geomorphorlogical and sedimentological evidence indicates that the BGB-B site is embedded within a fluvio-lacustrine sequence on the northern bank of the Huliu River. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating suggests that hominins occupation of the site at approximately 210 ka, placing it in the late Middle Pleistocene.

Various taphonomic indicators of remains (including edge abrasion, size distribution, and technological composition), together with kernel density surfaces of lithic remains and fabric analysis based on artifact orientations and eigenvectors, indicate that moderate-intensity hydraulic lakeshore sheetwash from northeast direction contributed to the formation processes of the BGB-B and reduced the overall integrity of the lithic technological record. The results suggest that during the late stage of Nihewan paleolake development, climatic fluctuations contributed to lake shrinkage, and lakeshore environments were increasingly modified by surface runoff. Early humans preferentially occupied relatively stable lakeshore landforms, and low-energy sheetwash processes played a role in the formation of the BGB-B assemblage. Further investigation of the site will provide important insights into the interpretation of human occupation behavior and subsistence strategies. As a result, it also can contribute to a better understanding of how hominins utilized lakeshore landscape during the terminal phase of paleolake evolution in the Nihewan Basin.

Key words: site formation processes, lake shore environment, late Middle Pleistocene, Beiguanbu, Nihewan Basin

中图分类号:

K871

刘子仪, 耿帅杰, 丁馨, 徐静玥, 叶芷, 牛东伟, 裴树文. 泥河湾盆地蔚县北官堡遗址B地点的埋藏过程[J]. 人类学学报, 2026, 45(03): 556-569.

LIU Ziyi, GENG Shuaijie, DING Xin, XU Jingyue, YE Zhi, NIU Dongwei, PEI Shuwen. Taphonomic history of Beiguanbu site Loc. B at Yuxian, Nihewan Basin[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(03): 556-569.

图/表 6

图1 北官堡遗址B地点地理位置图 a.泥河湾盆地 Nihewan Basin；b.暖泉台地 Nuanquan Platform；c.北官堡遗址Beiguanbu site；d.地点所处地貌 Locality geomorphology

Fig.1 Geographical location of Beiguanbu site Loc. B

图2 北官堡遗址B地点地层剖面与光释光年代

Fig.2 Stratigraphic section and OSL dating of Beiguanbu site Loc. B

图3 北官堡遗址B地点石制品三维空间分布图 a. 石制品三维空间分布图（E-N-Altitude 坐标系）/3D spatial distribution of lithic remains; b.石制品在含等高线微地貌背景的 E-N 方向的空间分布特征/Spatial distribution of lithic remains in the E-N plane with contour lines showing microtopography; c.石制品空间分布核密度图Kernel density surfaces of lithic remains

Fig.3 3D spatial distribution and density feature of lithic remains from Beiguanbu site Loc. B

图4 北官堡遗址B地点石制品的空间分布与核密度特征 a-c.不同尺寸石制品的空间分布与核密度特征Kernel density surfaces of lithic remains with different size classes；d-f.不同质量石制品的空间分布与核密度特征Kernel density surfaces of lithic remains with different weight classes；g-i.不同风化等级石制品的空间分布与核密度特征 spatial distributions and kernel densities of lithic remains with different weathering stages；j-l.不同磨蚀等级石制品的空间分布与核密度特征spatial distributions and kernel densities of lithic remains with different abrasion stages

Fig.4 Spatial distributions and kernel density patterns of lithic remains from Beiguanbu site Loc. B

图5 北官堡遗址B地点石制品技术属性特征 a.石制品风化与磨蚀等级统计Class distribution of weathering and abrasion；b.废片尺寸分布特征Size distribution of debitage[15,33]；c.石制品技术类型组合比例统计Proportional composition of lithic technological types；d.石制品技术类型与人工痕迹比例关系统计Proportional distribution of technological types and anthropogenic traces。FP, 剥片类剥片flaked pieces；DP, 剥离类废片detached pieces；LA, 石制品lithic artifacts；UN, 无人工痕迹石质标本unmodified lithic material

Fig.5 Technological attributes and preservation feature of lithics from Beiguanbu site Loc. B

图6 北官堡遗址B地点出土标本分布走向、倾向与倾角分布 a.出土所有标本分布走向 orientation of all remains；b.动物化石分布走向 orientation of fossils；c.石质标本分布走向orientation of stone materials （c1：L<4 cm，c2：L≥4 cm)；d.出土所有标本倾向 inclination of all remains；e.动物化石倾向 inclination of fossils；f.石质标本倾向 inclination of stone materials （f1：L<4 cm，f2：L≥4 cm)；g.出土所有标本倾角 dip distributions of all remains；h.动物化石倾角 dip distributions of fossils；i.石质标本倾角 dip distributions of stone materials；j.遗物空间分布班恩图（各向同性指数与延伸指数）Benn’s diagram of spatial distribution of remains（Isotropy index and elongation index)

Fig.6 Rose diagrams showing orientation and inclination, and the dip distributions (in degree) of remains from Beiguanbu site Loc. B

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泥河湾盆地蔚县北官堡遗址B地点的埋藏过程

Taphonomic history of Beiguanbu site Loc. B at Yuxian, Nihewan Basin

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